Editing Tiple (section)

==Tiple family==

===Colombian tiple===
{{Main|Colombian tiple}}

The '''Colombian tiple''' (in Spanish: [[:es:tiple|''tiple'']]) is an instrument of the guitar family, similar in appearance although slightly smaller (about 18%) than a standard [[classical guitar]].  The typical fretboard [[Scale (string instruments)|scale]] is about 530&nbsp;mm (just under 21 inches), and the neck joins the body at the 12th fret.  There are 12 strings, grouped in four tripled [[course (music)|course]]s.  Traditional tuning from lowest to highest course is C F A D, although many modern players tune the instrument like the upper four strings of the modern guitar: D G B E.  The outer two strings of each of the three lowest triple courses are tuned an octave higher than the middle string in the course (giving C4 C3 C4 • E4 E3 E4 • A4 A3 A4 • D4 D4 D4 in traditional tuning, or D4 D3 D4 • G4 G3 G4 • B4 B3 B4 • E4 E4 E4 in modern tuning).  An 18 or 19 fret fingerboard give the tiple Colombiano a range of about 2-2/3 octaves, from C3 - G#5 (or A5). The tiple is used for many traditional Colombian music genres including bambucos and pasillos. It serves both as an accompanying instrument and for soloing.<ref>Zuluanga, David Puerta; ''Los Caminos del Tiple'' [The Evolution of the Tiple]; DamelPublishers; Bogota, Colombia:  1988.  208pp.</ref> One of the main composers of tiple music is Pacho Benavides.

David Pelham says of the Colombian tiple: "The tiple is a Colombian adaptation of the [[Renaissance]] Spanish [[vihuela]] brought to the New World in the 16th century by the Spanish conquistadors. At the end of the 19th century, it evolved to its present shape. Its twelve strings are arranged in four groups of three: the first group consists of three steel strings tuned to E, the second, third and fourth groups have a copper string in the middle of two steel strings. The central ones are tuned one octave lower than the surrounding strings of the group. This arrangement produces the set of harmonics that gives the instrument its unique voice.<ref>Morales, Abadia; ''Instrumentos Musicales del Folklore Colombiano'' [Musical Instruments of Colombian Folklore]; Banco Popular; Bogota, Colombia:  1991.</ref>  Outside of Colombia the "copper" strings are more often standard brass or bronze wound steel guitar strings.

Another variant, the tiple Colombiano requinto, is often simply called tiple requinto.  This instrument is about 10-15% smaller than the tiple Colombiano, and the central octave strings of the smaller instrument are tuned in unison, giving either a C4 C4 C4 • E4 E4 E4 • A4 A4 A4 • D4 D4 D4 tuning (traditional), or a D4 D4 D4 • G4 G4 G4 • B4 B4 B4 • E4 E4 E4 tuning (modern).  The tiple requinto is sometimes made in more of a violin or "hourglass" shape, than a guitar shape.  These differences give it a generally thinner, higher-pitched sound than the tiple Colombiano, even though most of its tuning is in the same range as the larger instrument.<ref>Davison, Harry C.; ''Diccionario Folklorico de Colombia:  Musica, Instrumentos y Danza'' [Dictionary of Folklore in Colombia:  Music, Instruments, and Dance]; Banco de Republica; Bogoto, Colombia:  1970.</ref>

===Puerto Rican tiples===
{{Main|Tiple (Puerto Rico)}}
The tiple is the smallest of the three string instruments of [[Puerto Rico]] that make up the ''orquesta jibara'' (i.e., the [[Cuatro (Puerto Rico)|Cuatro]], the tiple and the [[Bordonua]]). According to investigations made by Jose Reyes Zamora, the tiple in Puerto Rico dates back to the 18th century. It is believed to have evolved from the Spanish guitarrillo. There was never a standard for the tiple and as a result there are many variations throughout the island of Puerto Rico. Most tiples have four or five strings and most tiple requintos have three strings. Some tiples have as many as 6 strings and as few as a single string, though these types are rare.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cuatro-pr.org/node/71%7c|title=Puerto Rico's Tiples|access-date=30 November 2018}}</ref>

The main types of tiple in Puerto Rico are:

*'''Tiple requinto de la montaña''' - a tiny version of the tiple doliente with only three strings. It is usually smaller than 12&nbsp;inches.
*'''Tiple requinto costanero''' - a smaller version of the tiplón with only three strings. It is usually about 15&nbsp;inches in length.
*'''Tiple doliente''' - this tiple has 5 single strings and is the most common used today. It is usually about 15&nbsp;inches in length.
*'''Tiplón''' or '''tiple con macho''' - a larger version of the tiple with a fifth string peg like an American [[banjo]], located on its neck. It is usually about 21&nbsp;inches in length.
*'''Tiple grande de Ponce''' - the largest version (about 21&nbsp;inches in length) with 5 strings. It is considered a link between tiples and bordonuas. It is sometimes also called "bordonua chiquita" (small [[bordonua]]).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cuatro-pr.org/node/71%7c|title=A Bouquet of Tiples!|access-date=30 November 2018}}</ref>

[[Image:TipleDoliente.jpg|thumb|left|110px|Puerto Rican Tiple Doliente]]

The tiple that is now most often played in Puerto Rico is the ''tiple doliente''. It has recently acquired a more or less fixed body shape narrowing at the top and having 5 metal strings (see the accompanying photo). It is usually made like the cuatro, so either constructed like a guitar, or from one piece of wood hollowed out. The bottom half of the body is rounded like a guitar, however the top half is square, or triangular. All other features (like neck and bridge) resemble the construction of a normal Spanish guitar. The peghead has tuning machines either from the side or from the back.  The strings of the tiple doliente are tuned: E3 A3 D4 G4 C5.

===Tiple Venezolano===
This tiple from [[Venezuela]], looks like a smaller version of the Colombian Tiple. It has 4 sets of triple strings and is also known as the Guitarro, Guitarro Segundo, and the Segunda Guitarra. There is another tiple played in Venezuela but is a member of the Venezuelan Cuatro family of instruments, also called a tiple and known as the Cinco y Medio or Cinco. It is very much like the Cuatro but it has 5 strings instead of four.<ref name="pacoweb.net">{{cite web|url=http://pacoweb.net/Cuerdas/cuetiple.htm|title=Ficha del Tiple|website=pacoweb.net|access-date=30 November 2018}}</ref>

===Tiple de Menorca===
On the Spanish Balearic island of [[Menorca]], a ''tiple'' is an instrument with five single nylon strings.<ref name="pacoweb.net"/>

===Tiple Cubano===
A tiple Cubano, has five doubled courses of strings, ten in total.<ref name="pacoweb.net"/>

===Tiple de Santo Domingo===
The tiple de Santo Domingo, also known as tiple Dominicano or tiple, also has five doubled courses, for ten in total. The strings are steel. It is tuned C4, F4, A#4, D5, G5. All of the courses are tuned in unison.<ref name="pacoweb.net"/>

===Tiple Peruano===
Peru has a tiple with four single or doubled steel strings. It is tuned A3, E4, B4, F#5.<ref name="pacoweb.net"/>

===Tiples in Uruguay and Argentina===
In Uruguay and Argentina, sometimes the requinto guitar is called a tiple.<ref name="pacoweb.net"/>