Editing Toa-kai (section)

==History==
The group was formed by [[Hisayuki Machii]], a [[Zainichi Korean]] mob boss,<ref name="facta">[http://facta.co.jp/article/200904059.html "Overview of a 'heretic' of post-war history"], April 2009, ''The Facta Magazine'' {{in lang|ja}}</ref> as the Tosei-kai in 1948.<ref name="Kaplan_228"/> The Tosei-kai was originally a reported [[far-right]] organization of [[anti-communist]] activism<ref name="facta"/> led by Machii as a sympathizer of [[Kanji Ishiwara]],<ref name="sano">[http://www.shinchosha.co.jp/shinkan/nami/shoseki/313731.html "Review : The Man Called the Wild Bull : 'Tosei-kai' Hisayuki Machii's Post-war History"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110927000814/http://www.shinchosha.co.jp/shinkan/nami/shoseki/313731.html |date=2011-09-27 }}, March 2009, Shin'ichi Sano, ''[[Shinchosha]]'' {{in lang|ja}}</ref> which was in conflict with the [[North Korea]]-associated [[General Association of Korean Residents in Japan]].<ref name="facta"/>

The Tosei-kai quickly became one of [[Tokyo]]'s most powerful gangs,<ref name="Kaplan_228"/> and had significantly expanded during the [[Japanese post-war economic miracle|time of the post-war economic growth]]. Membership reached 1,500 in the 1960s.<ref name="facta"/> As the leader of the syndicate, Machii became an essential "fixer" between Japan and [[South Korea]].<ref name="time">[https://content.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,2043575_2043788_2043553,00.html "Hisayuki Machii - Top 10 Real-Life Mob Bosses"], 20 January 2011, ''[[TIME]]''</ref>

Increasing police crackdowns by 1965 forced Machii to disband the Tosei-kai and establish a new gang, the {{nihongo|Toa Yuai Jigyo Kumiai|東亜友愛事業組合|Tōa Yūai Jigyō Kumiai}}, or "East Asia Friendship Enterprise Association". He also formed a "legitimate" company called the {{nihongo|Toa Sogo Kigyo|東亜相互企業|Tōa Sōgo Kigyō}}, or East Asia Enterprises Company, and named power-broker [[Yoshio Kodama]] as chairman of the board.<ref name="Kaplan_229">''Yakuza: Japan's criminal underworld'', p.229, 2003, [[David E. Kaplan (author)|David E. Kaplan]] and Alec Dubro, {{ISBN|0-520-21562-1}}</ref> Afterwards, the Toa Yuai Jigyo Kumiai changed the name as {{nihongo|Toa Yuai|東亜友愛|Tōa Yūai}} and Toa-kai.

The founder Machii retired in the 1980s,<ref name="time"/> and died of heart failure on September 14, 2002, in Tokyo. Also known as a successful businessman, he was 79.<ref>[http://www.47news.jp/CN/200209/CN2002092101000150.html "Mr. Hisayuki Machii passes away"], 21 September 2002, ''47 News, [[Kyodo]]'' {{in lang|ja}}</ref>