Editing Training (section)

== Types ==
[[File:Alpinistide treening Paldiski pangal.jpg|thumb|left|[[Mountaineering]] training in [[Estonia]]. It involves both instruction and [[physical exercise]] in the [[outdoor education|outdoor environment]] to develop skills that are necessary for survival in [[rock climbing]].]]

===Physical training===
{{Main|Physical exercise}}
Physical training concentrates on mechanistic goals: training programs in this area develop specific motor skills, agility, strength or [[physical fitness]], often with an intention of [[Peaking (performance)|peaking]] at a particular time.

In [[military]] use, training means gaining the physical ability to perform and [[Survival|survive]] in [[combat]], and learn the many skills needed in a time of [[war]]. These include how to use a variety of [[weapon]]s, outdoor [[surviving|survival]] skills, and how to survive being captured by the enemy, among many others.  See [[military education and training]].

For psychological or physiological reasons, people who believe it may be beneficial to them can choose to practice [[Relaxation (psychology)|relaxation]] training, or [[autogenic training]], in an attempt to increase their ability to relax or deal with stress.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/india-news/relaxation-training-may-cut-hypertension-medication-among-elderly_10032216.html |title=» Relaxation training may cut hypertension medication among elderly - Thaindian News<!-- Bot generated title --> |access-date=2008-03-30 |archive-date=2016-03-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304075712/http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/india-news/relaxation-training-may-cut-hypertension-medication-among-elderly_10032216.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>
While some studies have indicated relaxation training is useful for some medical conditions, autogenic training has limited results or has been the result of few studies.

===Occupational skills training===
Some occupations are inherently hazardous, and require a minimum level of competence before the practitioners can perform the work at an acceptable level of safety to themselves or others in the vicinity. [[Professional diving|Occupational diving]], rescue, [[firefighting]] and operation of certain types of machinery and vehicles may require assessment and certification of a minimum acceptable competence before the person is allowed to practice as a licensed instructor.

===On-job training===
[[File:IBMComputerTrainingWorkshop.JPG|thumb|Computer skills training]]
{{See also|On-the-job training}}
Some commentators use a similar term for workplace learning to [[Performance improvement|improve performance]]: "[[training and development]]". There are also additional services available online for those who wish to receive training above and beyond what is offered by their employers. Some examples of these services include career counseling, skill assessment, and supportive services.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.jobs.state.ak.us/jt/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110622082736/http://www.jobs.state.ak.us/jt/|url-status=dead|title=Job Training - Alaska Department of worker and Workforce Development|archive-date=2011-06-22}}</ref> One can generally categorize such training as ''[[on-the-job]]'' or ''off-the-job''.

The [[on-the-job training]] method takes place in a normal working situation, using the actual [[tool]]s, equipment, documents or materials that trainees will use when fully trained. On-the-job training has a general reputation as most effective for vocational work.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://unevoc.unesco.org/go.php?q=on-the-job+training&context=|title=UNESCO-UNEVOC|website=unevoc.unesco.org|language=en|access-date=2018-10-12}}</ref> It involves employees training at the place of work while they are doing the actual job. Usually, a professional trainer (or sometimes an experienced and skilled employee) serves as the instructor using hands-on practical experience which may be supported by formal classroom presentations. Sometimes training can occur by using web-based technology or video conferencing tools. On-the-job training is applicable on all departments within an organization.

[[Simulation]] based training is another method which uses technology to assist in trainee development. This is particularly common in the training of skills requiring a very high degree of practice, and in those which include a significant responsibility for life and property. An advantage is that simulation training allows the trainer to find, study, and remedy skill deficiencies in their trainees in a controlled, virtual environment. This also allows the trainees an opportunity to experience and study events that would otherwise be rare on the job, e.g., in-flight emergencies, system failure, etc., wherein the trainer can run 'scenarios' and study how the trainee reacts, thus assisting in improving his/her skills if the event was to occur in the real world. Examples of skills that commonly include simulator training during stages of development include piloting aircraft, spacecraft, locomotives, and ships, operating [[air traffic control]] airspace/sectors, [[power plant]] operations training, advanced military/defense system training, and advanced emergency response training like fire training or first-aid training.

Off-the-job training method takes place away from normal work situations — implying that the employee does not count as a directly productive worker while such training takes place. Off-the-job training method also involves employee training at a site away from the actual work environment. It often utilizes lectures, seminars, case studies, role playing, and simulation, having the advantage of allowing people to get away from work and concentrate more thoroughly on the training itself. This type of training has proven more effective in inculcating concepts and ideas{{Citation needed|date=February 2008}}. Many personnel selection companies offer a service which would help to improve employee competencies and change the attitude towards the job.{{citation needed|date=November 2019}} The internal personnel training topics can vary from effective problem-solving skills to leadership training.

A more recent development in job training is the On-the-Job Training Plan or OJT Plan. According to the United States Department of the Interior, a proper OJT plan should include: An overview of the subjects to be covered, the number of hours the training is expected to take, an estimated completion date, and a method by which the training will be evaluated.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.jobs.state.ak.us/jt/ |title=Job Training |publisher=Jobs.state.ak.us |date=2011-02-02 |access-date=2013-07-17}}</ref>

=== Religion and spirituality ===

In [[religion|religious]] and [[Spirituality|spiritual]] use, the word "training" may refer to the purification of the mind, heart, understanding and actions to obtain a variety of spiritual goals such as (for example) closeness to [[God]] or freedom from [[dukkha|suffering]].{{citation needed|date=November 2019}}  Note for example the institutionalised spiritual training of [[Threefold Training]] in Buddhism, [[meditation]] in [[Hinduism]] or [[discipleship]] in [[Christianity]].{{citation needed|date=November 2019}} These aspects of training can be short-term or can last a lifetime, depending on the context of the training and which religious group it is a part of.{{citation needed|date=November 2019}}

Compare religious [[ritual]].

=== Artificial-intelligence feedback ===

Learning processes developed for [[artificial intelligence]] are typically also known as training. [[Evolutionary algorithm]]s, including [[genetic programming]] and other methods of [[machine learning]], use a system of [[feedback]] based on "[[fitness function]]s" to allow [[computer program]]s to determine how well an entity performs a task. The methods construct a series of programs, known as a “population” of programs, and then automatically test them for "fitness", observing how well they perform the intended task. The system automatically generates new programs based on members of the population that perform the best. These new members replace programs that perform the worst. The procedure repeats until the achievement of optimum performance.<ref>
''Genetic Programming: An Introduction'', Wolfgang Banzhaf, [[Peter Nordin]], Robert E. Keller, and Frank D. Francone, Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, Inc., 1998
</ref>
In [[robotics]], such a system can continue to run in [[Real time (media)|real-time]] after initial training, allowing [[robot]]s to adapt to new situations and to changes in themselves, for example, due to wear or damage. Researchers have also developed robots that can appear to mimic simple human behavior as a starting point for training.<ref>
{{cite web  |url=http://www.etek.chalmers.se/~almir/  |title=HR-2 Robot can mimic simple human behavior  |url-status=dead  |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070607174912/http://www.etek.chalmers.se/~almir/  |archive-date=2007-06-07  }}</ref>