Editing Tralee (section)

==History==
[[File:Croppy boy.jpg|thumb|left|180px|1798 Pikeman Monument]]
Situated at the confluence of some small rivers and adjacent to marshy ground at the head of [[Tralee Bay]], Tralee is located at the base of an ancient roadway that heads south over the [[Slieve Mish Mountains]]. On this old track is located a large boulder sometimes called [[Scotia's Grave]], reputedly the burial place of an ancient queen.<ref>Maeve ''Here Lies: A Guide to Irish Graves'' Poolbeg, 1997 {{ISBN|1-85371-713-4}} p.&nbsp;156</ref>

Anglo-Normans founded the town in the 13th century, which became a stronghold of the [[Earl of Desmond|Earls of Desmond]], who built [[Tralee Castle]]. John Fitz-Thomas FitzGerald founded the monastery of the [[Dominican order]] and was buried there in 1260.<ref name="ReferenceA">Genealogical and Family History of Northern New York</ref> The medieval town was burnt in 1580 in retribution for the [[Desmond Rebellions]] against [[Elizabeth I of England|Elizabeth I]].

Elizabeth I in 1587 granted Tralee to [[Sir Edward Denny, Knight Banneret of Bishops Stortford|Edward Denny]] and it was recognised in 1613 by [[Royal Charter]]. Sir Edward was the first of the Dennys to settle in Tralee; the Dennys did not occupy the castle of the Earls of Desmond until 1627 but lived instead at Carrignafeela Castle. Sir Edward's son was Arthur Denny, in whose lifetime the town's charter was granted by [[James VI and I|King James]], containing the right to elect two members of parliament. The third English settler, another [[Edward Denny (1605–1646)|Sir Edward]], married Ruth Roper, whose father Thomas Roper was the lease holder of the Herbert estate centred on Castleisland. This Sir Edward was a [[Cavalier|royalist]] and fought for the King in the [[Irish Rebellion of 1641]] and subsequent [[Irish Confederate Wars]]. He died in 1646, before the triumph of [[Oliver Cromwell]] over affairs in England and Ireland.

He granted "the circuit of the Abbey" to the corporation set up under the charter, in return for the fees of the town clerk. His son [[Arthur Denny (1629–1673)|Arthur Denny]] married Ellen Barry, granddaughter of [[Richard Boyle, 1st Earl of Cork]]. The latter held many land titles in West Kerry and also claimed property in Tralee. [[Sir Edward Denny, 4th Baronet]] was a notable landlord in his day; during the time of the [[Great Famine (Ireland)|Great Famine]], he maintained rents to suit his tenants, when other landowners increased them. He was a notable [[Plymouth Brethren|Plymouth Brother]].

The modern layout of Tralee was created in the 19th century. Denny Street, a wide [[Georgian architecture|Georgian]] street, was completed in 1826 on the site of the old castle. A monument commemorating the [[Irish Rebellion of 1798|1798 rebellion]] and the rebellions of [[Irish Rebellion of 1803|1803]], [[Irish Rebellion of 1848|1848]] and [[Irish Rebellion of 1867|1867]]  – a statue of a [[Pikeman]] – stands in Denny Street. First unveiled in 1905, the original Pikeman stood until the [[Irish War of Independence]]. In 1921 the [[Black and Tans]] dragged it from its pedestal and destroyed it. In June 1939 a replacement Pikeman was installed, created by renowned Dublin sculptor [[Albert Power (sculptor)|Albert Power]] and unveiled by [[Maud Gonne]].<ref>{{cite magazine|url=http://www.historyireland.com/18th-19th-century-history/the-pikeman-of-tralee-a-tale-of-continuity-and-change/|title=The Pikeman of Tralee: A Tale of Continuity and Change|magazine=[[History Ireland]]|year=1998|issue=2|volume=6|access-date=19 January 2014|archive-date=1 February 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140201172851/http://www.historyireland.com/18th-19th-century-history/the-pikeman-of-tralee-a-tale-of-continuity-and-change/|url-status=live}}</ref>

[[File:Tralee Courthouse Panorama, May 2015.jpg|thumb|[[Tralee Courthouse]] Panorama, May 2015]]
[[Tralee Courthouse]] was designed by [[William Vitruvius Morrison]] and built in 1834.<ref name=courthouse>{{cite web|url=https://www.buildingsofireland.ie/buildings-search/building/21003276/court-house-tralee-county-kerry|title=Court House, Tralee, County Kerry|publisher=Buildings of Ireland|access-date=2 November 2019|archive-date=2 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191102155832/https://www.buildingsofireland.ie/buildings-search/building/21003276/court-house-tralee-county-kerry|url-status=live}}</ref> It has a monument of two cannons commemorating those Kerrymen who died in the [[Crimean War]] (1854–56) and the [[Indian Rebellion of 1857|Indian Rebellion]] (1857).<ref name=courthouse/> [[Ballymullen Barracks]] was the depot of the [[Royal Munster Fusiliers]].<ref>{{cite book |title=The Irish regiments in the First World War |last=Harris |first=Major Henry Edward David |year=1968 |publisher=Mercier Press |pages=216–217 (Appendix II) }}</ref>

[[File:Tralee Ship Canal, Blennerville - geograph.org.uk - 521336.jpg|thumb|right|220px|[[Tralee Ship Canal]]]]
The [[Tralee Ship Canal]] was built to accommodate larger ships sailing into Tralee, as the existing quay in [[Blennerville]] was becoming blocked due to [[silting]]. The [[House of Commons of the United Kingdom|House of Commons]] authorised an [[Act of Parliament]] in June 1829 for the canal, with work beginning in 1832. Issues with funding meant that the canal was not completed until 1846 when it was opened. The canal was 2 miles long with a new [[canal basin]] built in Tralee, and [[lock gates]] and a wooden [[swing bridge]] constructed in Blennerville. However, not long after the canal opened, it too began to suffer from silting.

By the 1880s, [[Fenit#Harbour|Fenit Harbour]] was built as a deepwater harbour; it did not suffer from silting. A railway line was constructed between the harbour and Tralee to carry cargo and freight from ships moored there. The canal fell into disuse and neglect, and was finally closed by the mid-20th century. Following the restoration of [[Blennerville Windmill]] in the early 1990s, local authorities planned restoration of the canal for use as a tourist attraction. In 1999 the [[Office of Public Works]] (OPW) started a restoration project of the canal at a cost of IR£650,000. The basin area of the canal was subsequently redeveloped with apartments blocks built as part of a proposed marina. The [[towpath]] along the canal was upgraded and is now used by people as an enjoyable amenity as part of the [[Dingle Way]].<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.focuskerry.com/james/canal.html| url-status = dead| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20010312211021/http://www.focuskerry.com/james/canal.html| archive-date = 2001-03-12| title = Blennerville to Tralee Canal & Marina - County Kerry, Ireland}} {{Cite web |url=http://www.focuskerry.com/james/canal.html |title=Blennerville to Tralee Canal & Marina - County Kerry, Ireland |access-date=7 December 2013 |archive-date=12 July 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120712124456/http://www.focuskerry.com/james/canal.html |url-status=bot: unknown }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.askaboutireland.ie/learning-zone/primary-students/looking-at-places/kerry/kerry-transport/tralee-ship-canal/|title=Tralee Ship Canal|access-date=7 December 2013|archive-date=18 December 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131218150325/http://www.askaboutireland.ie/learning-zone/primary-students/looking-at-places/kerry/kerry-transport/tralee-ship-canal/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://debates.oireachtas.ie/dail/1999/01/27/00439.asp|title=Find a Debate – Houses of the Oireachtas|access-date=7 December 2013|archive-date=12 December 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131212012212/http://debates.oireachtas.ie/dail/1999/01/27/00439.asp|url-status=live}}</ref>

The Dominican church of the Holy Cross was designed by the Irish Gothic Revival architect [[George Ashlin]] in 1866 and built by 1871.

===War of Independence and Civil War===
[[File:The Mall, Tralee, Co.Kerry (5691334289).jpg|thumb|left|220px|The Mall in the early 1900s]]
Tralee saw much violence during the [[Irish War of Independence]] and [[Irish Civil War]] in 1919–1923. In November 1920, the [[Black and Tans]] [[Siege of Tralee|besieged Tralee]] in revenge for the [[Irish Republican Army]] (IRA) abduction and killing of two [[Royal Irish Constabulary]] (RIC) men. The Tans closed all the businesses in the town and did not let any food in for a week. They burned several houses and all businesses connected with IRA activists. In the course of the week, they shot dead three local people. The events caused a major international outcry as the press reported that near-famine conditions were prevailing in Tralee by the end of the week.

{{Historical populations|state=collapsed
|1821|7547
|1831|9568
|1841|11363
|1851|9445
|1861|10271
|1871|9506
|1881|9910
|1891|9318
|1901|9867
|1911|10300
|1926|10533
|1936|10285
|1946|9990
|1951|11045
|1956|11612
|1961|11423
|1966|11976
|1971|13263
|1981|17035
|1986|17620
|1991|17862
|1996|19950
|2002|21987
|2006|22744
|2011|23693
|2016|23691
|2022|26079
| footnote = <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.cso.ie/census |title=Census for post 1821 figures. |access-date=25 July 2009 |archive-date=20 September 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100920090850/http://cso.ie/census/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.histpop.org |title=Histpop - The Online Historical Population Reports Website |website=histpop.org |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160507023856/http://www.histpop.org/ |archive-date=7 May 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nisranew.nisra.gov.uk/census |title=Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency - Census Home Page |access-date=12 August 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120217095720/http://www.nisranew.nisra.gov.uk/census |archive-date=17 February 2012 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book
| last=Lee|first=JJ| author-link =J. J. Lee (historian)|editor-last=Goldstrom|editor-first=J. M.|editor2-last=Clarkson
| editor2-first=L. A.|title=Irish Population, Economy, and Society: Essays in Honour of the Late K. H. Connell
| year=1981|publisher=Clarendon Press|location=Oxford, England
| chapter=On the accuracy of the [[Great Famine (Ireland)|Pre-famine]] Irish censuses}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal  | last1 = Mokyr  | first1 = Joel
| author-link = Joel Mokyr  | last2 = O Grada  | first2 = Cormac
| author2-link = Cormac Ó Gráda  | title = New Developments in Irish Population History, 1700–1850  | journal = The Economic History Review  | volume = 37  | issue =  4  | series = Volume
| pages = 473–488  |date=November 1984
| url = http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/120035880/abstract  | archive-url = https://archive.today/20121204160709/http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/120035880/abstract  | url-status = dead  | archive-date = 2012-12-04  | doi = 10.1111/j.1468-0289.1984.tb00344.x
| hdl = 10197/1406  | hdl-access = free  }}</ref><ref name="sapmap2016">{{cite web | url = http://census.cso.ie/sapmap2016/Results.aspx?Geog_Type=ST2016&Geog_Code=06A0DC19-D11E-45BB-948F-04B7201C353A#SAPMAP_T1_100 | publisher = [[Central Statistics Office (Ireland)|CSO]] | work = Census 2016 | title = Sapmap Area – Settlements – Tralee | date = 2016 | access-date = 12 January 2018 | archive-date = 30 July 2017 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170730015322/http://census.cso.ie/sapmap2016/Results.aspx?Geog_Type=ST2016&Geog_Code=06A0DC19-D11E-45BB-948F-04B7201C353A#SAPMAP_T1_100 | url-status = live }}</ref><ref name="tableF1015census2022"/>
}}
In August 1922 during the Irish Civil War, [[Irish Free State]] troops landed at nearby [[Fenit]] and took Tralee from its Anti-Treaty garrison. Nine pro-Treaty and three anti-Treaty soldiers were killed in fighting in the town before the anti-Treaty forces withdrew. The Republicans continued a guerrilla campaign in the surrounding area. In March 1923 Free State troops took nine anti-treaty IRA prisoners from the prison in Tralee and blew them up with a [[land mine]] at nearby [[Ballyseedy]]. Only [[Stephen Fuller]], a future Irish politician, survived the explosion.<ref name="irishtimes.com">{{cite news|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/culture/heritage/stories-of-the-revolution-ballyseedy-and-the-civil-war-s-worst-atrocity-1.2462070|title=Stories of the revolution: Ballyseedy and the Civil War's worst atrocity|newspaper=[[The Irish Times]] |accessdate=21 September 2017}}</ref>

[[File:Ashe memorial hall.jpg|thumb|Ashe Memorial Hall]]
The Ashe Memorial Hall was built in 1928 at the end of Denny Street; it is dedicated to the memory of [[Thomas Ashe]], an [[Irish Volunteers]] officer in the [[Easter Rising]] of 1916. The building is built of local sandstone. It housed the headquarters of [[Kerry County Council]] and Tralee Urban District Council; both now have moved to other premises. Since 1992 it has housed the [[Kerry County Museum]], which includes a reconstruction of Tralee as of 1450, prior to colonisation.