Editing Transactional interpretation (section)

== Advances over previous interpretations ==
TIQM is explicitly [[Quantum nonlocality|non-local]] and, as a consequence, logically consistent with [[counterfactual definiteness]] (CFD), the minimum realist assumption.<ref name="Cramer 1986" /> As such it incorporates the non-locality demonstrated by the [[Bell test experiments]] and eliminates the observer-dependent reality that has been criticized as part of the [[Copenhagen interpretation]]. Cramer states that the key advances over Everett's Relative State Interpretation<ref name=everett57paradox>
{{cite journal
 |last1=Everett |first1=Hugh
 |author-link=Hugh Everett
 |date=July 1957
 |title=Relative State Formulation of Quantum Mechanics
 |journal=Reviews of Modern Physics
 |volume=29
 |issue=3
 |pages=454–462
 |url=http://jamesowenweatherall.com/SCPPRG/EverettHugh1957PhDThesis_BarrettComments.pdf
 |doi=10.1103/RevModPhys.29.454
 |bibcode=1957RvMP...29..454E
}}</ref> are that the transactional interpretation has a physical collapse and is time-symmetric.<ref name="Cramer 1986" /> Cramer also states that the TI is consistent with but not dependent upon the notion of an Einsteinian [[block universe]].<ref name="Cramer book" /> Kastner claims that by considering the product of the advanced and retarded wavefunctions, the [[Born rule]] can be explained ontologically.<ref name="Kastner, R. E 2012">Kastner, R. E. The Transactional Interpretation of Quantum Mechanics: The Reality of Possibility (CUP, 2012)</ref>

The transactional interpretation is superficially similar to the [[two-state vector formalism]] (TSVF)<ref>[[Avshalom Elitzur|Avshalom C. Elitzur]], Eliahu Cohen: ''The Retrocausal Nature of Quantum Measurement Revealed by Partial and Weak Measurements'', AIP Conf. Proc. 1408: ''Quantum Retrocausation: Theory and Experiment (13–14 June 2011, San Diego, California)'', pp.&nbsp;120–131, {{doi|10.1063/1.3663720}}</ref> which has its origin in work by [[Yakir Aharonov]], [[Peter Bergmann]] and [[Joel Lebowitz]] of 1964.<ref>{{cite journal | last1=Aharonov | first1=Yakir | last2=Bergmann | first2=Peter G. | last3=Lebowitz | first3=Joel L. | title=Time Symmetry in the Quantum Process of Measurement | journal=Physical Review | publisher=American Physical Society (APS) | volume=134 | issue=6B | date=1964-06-22 | issn=0031-899X | doi=10.1103/physrev.134.b1410 | pages=1410–1416| bibcode=1964PhRv..134.1410A }}</ref><ref>Yakir Aharonov, Lev Vaidman: ''Protective measurements of two-state vectors'', in: Robert Sonné Cohen, Michael Horne, John J. Stachel (eds.): ''Potentiality, Entanglement and Passion-At-A-Distance'', Quantum Mechanical Studies for A. M. Shimony, Volume Two, 1997, {{ISBN|978-0792344537}}, pp.&nbsp;1–8, [https://books.google.com/books?id=DsNoIcQemTsC&pg=PA2 p. 2]</ref> However, it has important differences—the TSVF is lacking the confirmation and therefore cannot provide a physical referent for the Born Rule (as TI does). Kastner has criticized some other time-symmetric interpretations, including TSVF, as making ontologically inconsistent claims.<ref>{{cite journal |arxiv = 1607.04196 |doi = 10.1063/1.4982766 |title = Is there really "retrocausation" in time-symmetric approaches to quantum mechanics? |volume = 1841 |pages = 020002 |series = AIP Conference Proceedings |year = 2017 |last1 = Kastner |first1 = Ruth E. | journal=Quantum Retrocausation III | issue=1 | bibcode=2017AIPC.1841b0002K | s2cid = 55674241}}</ref>

Kastner has developed a new ''Relativistic Transactional Interpretation'' (RTI) also called ''Possibilist Transactional Interpretation'' (PTI) in which space-time itself emerges by a way of transactions. It has been argued that this relativistic transactional interpretation can provide the quantum dynamics for the [[causal sets]] program.<ref name="Kastner PTI 2012">
{{cite journal
 |last1=Kastner |first1=Ruth E.
 |date=August 2012
 |title=The Possibilist Transactional Interpretation and Relativity
 |journal=Foundations of Physics
 |volume=42
 |issue=8
 |pages=1094–1113
 |arxiv=1204.5227
 |doi=10.1007/s10701-012-9658-4
 |bibcode=2012FoPh...42.1094K
 |s2cid=119274926
}}</ref>