Editing Transarmament (section)

==Civilian defense==
The term "transarmament" appears to have been introduced in 1937 in a pamphlet by [[Kenneth Boulding]].<ref name=sharp97/> It appears not to have been used again until the 1960s.<ref name=sharp97/><ref name=roberts68>Adam Roberts (ed.) (1968), ''Civilian resistance as a national defense: non-violent action against aggression''. Stackpole Books. (320 pages)</ref>

According to Adam Roberts,
:At least four possible stages <nowiki>[of transarmament]</nowiki> can be envisaged:
:1. Research and investigation into civilian defence, in order to judge its workability, relate it to a specific country's defence problems, and develop strategic and tactical concepts so that the proposal can be presented in concrete and practical terms.
:2. General public education in non-violent action and civilian defence; concentrated training of key groups and individuals; organizational preparations.
:3. Application of civilian defence in specific areas without complete abandonment of military defence policy.
:4. Public commitment to use civilian defence in resisting all threats formerly dealt with by military methods. Completion of process of transarment. (p.&nbsp;338<ref name=robertschap69>Adam Roberts (1969) "Transarmament to Civilian Defence" (pp. 336-348) in Adam Roberts (ed.), "Civilian Resistance as a National Defence," Baltimore, MD: Penguin/Pelican, 1969. (367 pages)</ref>)