Editing Transmission Control Protocol (section)

==Historical origin==
In May 1974, [[Vint Cerf]] and [[Bob Kahn]] described an [[internetworking]] protocol for sharing resources using [[packet switching]] among network nodes.<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Vinton G. Cerf |author2=Robert E. Kahn |title=''A Protocol for Packet Network Intercommunication'' |journal=IEEE Transactions on Communications |volume=22 |issue=5 |date=May 1974 |pages=637–648 |doi=10.1109/tcom.1974.1092259 |url=http://ece.ut.ac.ir/Classpages/F84/PrincipleofNetworkDesign/Papers/CK74.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304150203/http://ece.ut.ac.ir/Classpages/F84/PrincipleofNetworkDesign/Papers/CK74.pdf |archive-date=March 4, 2016}}</ref> The authors had been working with [[Gérard Le Lann]] to incorporate concepts from the French [[CYCLADES]] project into the new network.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Bennett |first1=Richard |title=Designed for Change: End-to-End Arguments, Internet Innovation, and the Net Neutrality Debate |url=https://www.itif.org/files/2009-designed-for-change.pdf |publisher=Information Technology and Innovation Foundation |access-date=11 September 2017 |page=11 |date=September 2009 |archive-date=29 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190829092926/http://www.itif.org/files/2009-designed-for-change.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> The [[Specification (technical standard)|specification]] of the resulting protocol, {{harvtxt|RFC 675}} (''Specification of Internet Transmission Control Program''), was written by Vint Cerf, [[Yogen Dalal]], and Carl Sunshine, and published in December 1974.{{sfn|RFC 675}} It contains the first attested use of the term ''internet'', as a shorthand for ''internetwork''.{{citation needed|date=November 2023}}

The Transmission Control Program incorporated both connection-oriented links and datagram services between hosts. In version 4, the monolithic Transmission Control Program was divided into a modular architecture consisting of the ''Transmission Control Protocol'' and the ''Internet Protocol''.<ref name="Russell thesis Industrial Legislatures">{{cite thesis |last1=Russell |first1=Andrew Lawrence |title='Industrial Legislatures': Consensus Standardization in the Second and Third Industrial Revolutions |date=2008 |url=http://jhir.library.jhu.edu/handle/1774.2/32576}} "See Abbate, ''Inventing the Internet'', 129–30; {{cite journal |author=Vinton G. Cerf |date=October 1980 |title=Protocols for Interconnected Packet Networks |journal=ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review |volume=10 |issue=4 |pages=10–11}}; and {{cite RFC|rfc=760}}"</ref><ref name="xgruR">{{citation |last=Postel |first=Jon |title=Comments on Internet Protocol and TCP |date=15 August 1977 |url=https://www.rfc-editor.org/ien/ien2.txt |access-date=June 11, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190516055704/http://www.rfc-editor.org/ien/ien2.txt |archive-date=May 16, 2019 |url-status=live |id=IEN 2 |quote=We are screwing up in our design of internet protocols by violating the principle of layering. Specifically we are trying to use TCP to do two things: serve as a host level end to end protocol, and to serve as an internet packaging and routing protocol. These two things should be provided in a layered and modular way. |author-link=Jon Postel}}</ref> This resulted in a networking model that became known informally as ''TCP/IP'', although formally it was variously referred to as the ''DoD internet architecture model'' (''DoD model'' for short) or ''DARPA model''.<ref name=":30">{{Cite web |last=Cerf |first=Vinton G. |date=1 April 1980 |title=Final Report of the Stanford University TCP Project |url=https://www.rfc-editor.org/ien/ien151.txt}}</ref><ref name="Cerf DoD">{{cite journal |last1=Cerf |first1=Vinton G |last2=Cain |first2=Edward |date=October 1983 |title=The DoD internet architecture model |journal=Computer Networks |volume=7 |issue=5 |pages=307–318 |doi=10.1016/0376-5075(83)90042-9}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=The TCP/IP Guide – TCP/IP Architecture and the TCP/IP Model |url=http://www.tcpipguide.com/free/t_TCPIPArchitectureandtheTCPIPModel.htm |access-date=2020-02-11 |website=www.tcpipguide.com}}</ref> Later, it became the part of, and synonymous with, the ''Internet Protocol Suite''.

The following [[Internet Experiment Note]] (IEN) documents describe the evolution of TCP into the modern version:<ref>{{Cite web |title=Internet Experiment Note Index |url=https://www.rfc-editor.org/ien/ien-index.html |access-date=2024-01-21 |website=www.rfc-editor.org}}</ref>

* IEN 5 ''Specification of Internet Transmission Control Program TCP Version 2 (''March 1977).
* IEN 21 ''Specification of Internetwork Transmission Control Program TCP Version 3 (''January 1978).
* IEN 27
* IEN 40
* IEN 44
* IEN 55
* IEN 81
* IEN 112
* IEN 124

TCP was standardized in January 1980 as RFC 761.

In 2004, [[Vint Cerf]] and [[Bob Kahn]] received the [[Turing Award]] for their foundational work on TCP/IP.<ref>{{cite web |title=Robert E Kahn – A.M. Turing Award Laureate |url=https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/kahn_4598637.cfm |website=amturing.acm.org |access-date=2019-07-13 |archive-date=2019-07-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190713004804/https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/kahn_4598637.cfm |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Vinton Cerf – A.M. Turing Award Laureate |url=https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/cerf_1083211.cfm |website=amturing.acm.org |access-date=2019-07-13 |archive-date=2021-10-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211011080741/https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/cerf_1083211.cfm |url-status=live }}</ref>