Editing Transport in Brazil (section)

==Railways==
{{Main|Rail transport in Brazil}}
{{Further|RFFSA}}
[[Image:Ponte Rubinéia 4.jpg|thumb|Norte Brasil Railway]]
[[Image:Railway network Brazil.svg|thumb|Map of Brazilian rail network, 2016]]

The Brazilian [[railway]] network has an extension of about {{convert|30000|km|0|abbr=on}}. It is basically used for transporting ores.<ref name=":0"/> Usually, the railway sector was treated in a secondary way in Brazil, due to logistical, economic or political difficulties to install more railways.

The Brazilian railroad system had a great expansion between 1875 and 1920. The heyday of the railway modal was interrupted during the Getúlio Vargas government, which prioritized the road modal. In the 1940s, the railway network was already facing several problems, from low-powered locomotives to uneconomical layouts. In 1957, a state-owned company was created, the National Railroad Network (RFFSA), which started to manage 18 railroads in the Union. Several deficit railways were closed under the promise of state investment in new projects, which did not happen. The actions were centralized in the government until the opening of the market in 1990. So, the National Privatization Plan was instituted, with dozens of concessions being made. However, they ended up concentrating the railways, mainly, in three large business groups, América Latina Logística (ALL), Vale S.A. and MRS Logística. The refurbishment generated an increase in productivity (cargoes transported increased by 30% with the same railway line). However, the main problem was that the reform not only gave away the railway line, but also geographical exclusivity. This resulted in the non-creation of competitive incentives for the expansion and renewal of the existing network. With the State maintaining the opening of new railways a difficult, slow and bureaucratic process, as it maintains the total monopoly of power over this sector, the railways did not expand any further in the country, and the sector was very outdated.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://ideiasradicais.com.br/por-que-o-brasil-quase-nao-tem-ferrovias-e-como-mudar-isso/| title = Por que o Brasil quase não tem ferrovias e como mudar isso| access-date = 2021-12-30| archive-date = 2021-12-30| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20211230003913/https://ideiasradicais.com.br/por-que-o-brasil-quase-nao-tem-ferrovias-e-como-mudar-isso/| url-status = dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = https://exame.com/brasil/por-que-o-brasil-nao-investe-em-ferrovias-e-por-que-deveria-investir/| title = Por que o Brasil não investe em ferrovias? E por que deveria investir| date = 8 May 2018}}</ref>

In 2021, a New Framework for Railways was created, allowing the construction of railways by authorization, as occurs in the exploration of infrastructure in sectors such as telecommunications, electricity and ports. It's also possible to authorize the exploration of stretches not implemented, idle, or in the process of being returned or deactivated. With the change of rules in the sector, in December 2021, there were already requests to open {{convert|15000|km|0|abbr=on}} of new tracks, in 64 requests for implementation of new railways. Nine new railroads had already been authorized by the Federal Government, in {{convert|3506|km|0|abbr=on}} of new tracks.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.camara.leg.br/noticias/842034-sancionado-novo-marco-legal-do-transporte-ferroviario/| title = Sancionado novo marco legal do transporte ferroviário}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.gov.br/infraestrutura/pt-br/assuntos/noticias/2021/9/governo-federal-abre-setembro-ferroviario-com-10-pedidos-para-novas-ferrovias-e-previsao-de-r-53-bilhoes-em-novos-investimentos| title = Governo Federal abre Setembro Ferroviário com 10 pedidos para novas ferrovias e previsão de R$ 53 bilhões em novos investimentos| work = Ministério da Infraestrutura}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.gov.br/infraestrutura/pt-br/assuntos/noticias/2021/12/em-dia-de-sancao-do-novo-marco-legal-das-ferrovias-pro-trilhos-alcanca-64-requerimentos-e-ultrapassa-r-180-bilhoes-em-investimentos-projetados| title = Em dia de sanção do novo Marco Legal das Ferrovias, Pro Trilhos alcança 64 requerimentos e ultrapassa R$ 180 bilhões em investimentos projetados| work = Ministério da Infraestrutura}}</ref>

*'''Total actual network:''' 29,888&nbsp;km of [[Rail transport|railroad]] and 1,411&nbsp;km of [[Rapid transit|subway]] and [[light rail]]<ref>{{Cite web|date=21 December 2020|title=Extensão das linhas principais e ramais por concessionária|url=https://anuariodotransporte.cnt.org.br/2021/File/Fer/FER_2_3_1_1.XLSX|access-date=26 December 2021|website=Confederação Nacional do Transporte}}</ref><ref name=":0" />
:[[Broad-gauge railway|Broad gauge]]: 4,932 km {{RailGauge|1600mm|lk=on}} gauge (939 km electrified)
:[[Narrow-gauge railway|Narrow gauge]]: 23,341 km {{RailGauge|1000mm|lk=on}} gauge (24 km electrified)
:[[Dual gauge]]: 396 km 1000 mm and 1600 mm gauges (three rails)
:[[Standard-gauge railway|Standard gauge]]: 194 km {{RailGauge|sg}} gauge (2014)

<!--* line 5 of the [[São Paulo Metro]], so that it can use "[[off the shelf]]" equipment.-->
* [[Amapa Railway|Estrada de Ferro do Amapá]] in the middle of the [[Amazon Rainforest]] also used standard gauge.
* A 12&nbsp;km section of the former {{RailGauge|2ft6in}} gauge [[Estrada de Ferro Oeste de Minas]] is retained as a [[heritage railway]].

===Metros and light rail transit <small>(combined)</small>===
[[Image:Estação Antero de Quental (15-07-2016) 03.jpg|thumb|[[Rio de Janeiro Metro]]]]

{|
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* [[Teresina]] (13.5&nbsp;km)*
*[[Juazeiro do Norte]] (13.6&nbsp;km)*<ref>{{Cite web|title=VLT do Cariri|url=https://www.metrofor.ce.gov.br/projeto/vlt-do-cariri/|access-date=26 December 2021|website=Metrô de Fortaleza|language=pt-BR}}</ref>
*[[Sobral, Ceará|Sobral]] (13.9&nbsp;km)*<ref>{{Cite web|title=VLT de Sobral|url=https://www.metrofor.ce.gov.br/vlt-sobral/|access-date=26 December 2021|website=Metrô de Fortaleza|language=pt-BR}}</ref>
*[[Belo Horizonte Metro|Belo Horizonte]] (28.1&nbsp;km)<ref>{{Cite web|date=20 July 2020|title=Malha Viária: Belo Horizonte|url=https://www.cbtu.gov.br/index.php/pt/sistemas-cbtu/belo-horizonte|url-status=dead|access-date=26 December 2021|website=Companhia Brasileira de Trens Urbanos - CBTU|language=pt|archive-date=7 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190207072302/https://www.cbtu.gov.br/index.php/pt/sistemas-cbtu/belo-horizonte}}</ref>
*[[João Pessoa, Paraíba|João Pessoa]] (30&nbsp;km)*<ref>{{Cite web|date=1 June 2021|title=Malha Viária: João Pessoa|url=https://www.cbtu.gov.br/index.php/pt/sistemas-cbtu/joao-pessoa|access-date=26 December 2021|website=Companhia Brasileira de Trens Urbanos - CBTU|language=pt|archive-date=26 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211226232725/https://www.cbtu.gov.br/index.php/pt/sistemas-cbtu/joao-pessoa|url-status=dead}}</ref>
*[[Maceió]] (32.1&nbsp;km)*<ref>{{Cite web|date=20 July 2020|title=Malha Viária: Maceió|url=https://www.cbtu.gov.br/index.php/pt/sistemas-cbtu/maceio|access-date=26 December 2021|website=Companhia Brasileira de Trens Urbanos - CBTU|language=pt}}</ref>
*[[Salvador Metro|Salvador]] (33&nbsp;km)<ref>{{Cite web|title=Quem Somos|url=https://www.ccrmetrobahia.com.br/institucional/quem-somos/|access-date=26 December 2021|website=CCR Metrô Bahia|language=pt}}</ref>
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* [[Federal District Metro (Brazil)|Federal District]] (42.4&nbsp;km)<ref>{{Cite web|date=20 October 2021|title=Estrutura {{!}} Raio-x|url=http://metro.df.gov.br/?page_id=4850|access-date=26 December 2021|website=Companhia do Metropolitano do Distrito Federal|language=pt}}</ref>
*[[Porto Alegre Metro|Porto Alegre]] (43.4&nbsp;km)*<ref>{{Cite web|title=Estações e Sistema|url=http://www.trensurb.gov.br/paginas/paginas_detalhe.php?codigo_sitemap=15|access-date=26 December 2021|website=Empresa de Trens Urbanos de Porto Alegre - Trensurb|language=pt}}</ref>
*[[Fortaleza]] (43.6&nbsp;km)*<ref>{{Cite web|title=Sistema metroviário|url=https://www.metrofor.ce.gov.br/sistema-metroviario/|access-date=26 December 2021|website=Metrô de Fortaleza|language=pt-BR}}</ref>
*[[Natal, Rio Grande do Norte|Natal]] (56.2&nbsp;km)<ref>{{Cite web|date=March 2019|title=Malha Viária: Natal|url=https://www.cbtu.gov.br/index.php/pt/sistemas-cbtu/natal|access-date=26 December 2021|website=Companhia Brasileira de Trens Urbanos - CBTU|language=pt|archive-date=21 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220121045849/https://www.cbtu.gov.br/index.php/pt/sistemas-cbtu/natal|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* [[Recife Metro|Recife]] (71&nbsp;km)*<ref>{{Cite web|title=Malha Viária: Recife|url=https://www.cbtu.gov.br/index.php/pt/sistemas-cbtu/recife|access-date=26 December 2021|website=Companhia Brasileira de Trens Urbanos - CBTU|language=pt|archive-date=14 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211214152425/https://www.cbtu.gov.br/index.php/pt/sistemas-cbtu/recife|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* [[Rio de Janeiro Metro|Rio de Janeiro]] (100&nbsp;km)*<ref>{{Cite web|title=Corporate Profile|url=http://metrorio.ri.invepar.com.br/en/corporate-profile/|url-status=dead|access-date=26 December 2021|website=MetroRio|language=pt|archive-date=26 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211226232723/http://metrorio.ri.invepar.com.br/en/corporate-profile/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Veículo Leve Sobre Trilhos - VLT|url=https://www.rio.rj.gov.br/web/subex-projetos-estrategicos/vlt|access-date=26 December 2021|website=Prefeitura da Cidade do Rio de Janeiro|language=pt}}</ref>
* [[São Paulo Metro|São Paulo]] (112.2&nbsp;km)*<ref>{{Cite web|title=QUEM SOMOS|url=http://www.metro.sp.gov.br/metro/institucional/quem-somos/index.aspx|url-status=dead|access-date=26 December 2021|website=MetroSP|language=pt|archive-date=27 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180427193252/http://www.metro.sp.gov.br/metro/institucional/quem-somos/index.aspx}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Empreendimentos - VLT da Baixada Santista - Veículo Leve sobre Trilhos|url=https://www.emtu.sp.gov.br/emtu/empreendimentos/empreendimentos/vlt-da-baixada-santista-veiculo-leve-sobre-trilhos.fss|access-date=26 December 2021|website=Empresa Metropolitana de Transportes Urbanos de São Paulo - EMTU/SP|language=pt}}</ref>
|}
'''Note (*)''': Light Rail Transit, Light Metro, Tram or Subway-Surface fully or partially operated.

===Railway links with adjacent countries===
{{Main|Rail transport in Brazil#Railway links with adjacent countries}}
International rail links exist between Brazil and [[Transport in Argentina|Argentina]], [[Transport in Bolivia|Bolivia]] and [[Transport in Uruguay|Uruguay]].

===Tramways===
Brazil had a hundred tramway systems.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tramz.com/br/tto/1.html|title=INTRODUCTION|website=www.tramz.com|access-date=2007-01-16|archive-date=2008-07-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080723172125/http://www.tramz.com/br/tto/1.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Currently, there are vintage tramways operating in Belém, [[Campinas]], Campos do Jordão, [[Itatinga]], Rio de Janeiro and Santos.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tramz.com/br/be/be50.html|title=The Tramways of Belém|website=www.tramz.com|access-date=2007-08-01|archive-date=2009-05-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090502084627/http://www.tramz.com/br/be/be50.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tramz.com/br/cp/pp.html|title=The Tramways of Campinas|website=www.tramz.com|access-date=2007-08-01|archive-date=2009-09-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090918072908/http://www.tramz.com/br/cp/pp.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tramz.com/br/cj/cj.html|title=Campos do Jordão|website=www.tramz.com|access-date=2007-08-01|archive-date=2009-03-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090304204649/http://www.tramz.com/br/cj/cj.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tramz.com/br/it/it.html|title=CODESP hydroelectric complex (Brazil)|website=www.tramz.com|access-date=2007-08-01|archive-date=2010-05-31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100531010436/http://www.tramz.com/br/it/it.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tramz.com/br/rj/st/st.html|title=THE SANTA TERESA TRAMWAY|website=www.tramz.com|access-date=2007-08-01|archive-date=2009-05-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090504060014/http://www.tramz.com/br/rj/st/st.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tramz.com/br/ss/st.html|title=THE SCOTTISH TRAMS OF SANTOS|website=www.tramz.com|access-date=2007-08-01|archive-date=2010-05-31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100531011107/http://www.tramz.com/br/ss/st.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>