Editing Transverse Ranges (section)

==Geography==
{{More citations needed section|date=January 2021}}
[[File:LA Skyline Mountains2.jpg|thumb|The Ranges rise steeply above major urban areas such as Los Angeles|left]]
[[File:Mt. Baden-Powell.jpg|thumb|Snowy Mt. Baden-Powell in the [[San Gabriel Mountains]]]]
The western and central segments of the Transverse Ranges are bounded to the north and east by the San Andreas Fault, which separates those segments from the Mojave Desert.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /> The eastern segment bounds the southern Mojave Desert. Notable passes along the San Andreas fault include [[Tejon Pass]], [[Cajon Pass]], and [[San Gorgonio Pass]]. Components of Transverse Ranges to the north and east of the fault include the [[San Bernardino Mountains]], [[Little San Bernardino Mountains]], [[Pinto Mountains|Pinto]] and [[Eagle Mountains]]. The western and southern boundaries are acknowledged to be the [[Pacific Ocean]] and the northern [[Channel Islands (California)|Channel Islands]]. Onshore the [[Los Angeles Basin]] lies at the southern boundary of the western and central segments of the ranges. Major passes not along the San Andreas Fault include [[Gaviota Tunnel|Gaviota Pass]], [[San Marcos Pass]], the [[Conejo Grade]], [[Newhall Pass]], and [[Cahuenga Pass]].

The Transverse Ranges manifest themselves as a series of roughly parallel ridges with an average height of {{convert|3000-8000|ft|-2}}. The ranges are dissected by young, steep streams of relatively low flow rate; as a result, there is high topographic relief throughout the range, and other than in marginal areas (e.g. the [[San Fernando Valley]]) and a few river valleys (such as [[Lockwood Valley, California|Lockwood Valley]] and Big Bear Valley), there are no large, flat basins within the ranges.

The mountains are notable for being steep and difficult to traverse. There are few passes that are sufficiently low or wide enough to accommodate significant volumes of traffic. This has resulted in situations where major cities are linked to the rest of the state by relatively few roads; for example, the vast majority of traffic between the Central Valley and the Los Angeles area is routed through Tejon Pass. This results in significant traffic issues throughout Southern California when a pass has to be shut down due to heavy snow or construction. Occasionally, major cities, such as [[Santa Barbara, California|Santa Barbara]] during the [[2005 La Conchita landslide]] and the [[2018 Southern California mudflows]], may be cut off from timely road access to the rest of Southern California.
[[File:SanGorgonio.jpg|thumb|Mt. San Gorgonio in the center of frame, highest peak in Transverse Ranges]]

=== Peaks ===
Major peaks of the Transverse Ranges with at least {{convert|500|ft}} of prominence, listed by height:
{{Columns-list|colwidth=30em|
# [[Mount San Gorgonio]], {{convert|11503|ft}}, San Bernardino Mountains.
# [[Anderson Peak (San Bernardino Mountains)|Anderson Peak]], {{convert|10840|ft}}, San Bernardino Mountains.
# [[Mount San Antonio|Mount San Antonio (Old Baldy)]], {{convert|10068|ft}}, San Gabriel Mountains.
# [[Sugarloaf Mountain (San Bernardino County, California)|Sugarloaf Mountain]], {{convert|9952|ft}}, San Bernardino Mountains.
# [[Mount Baden-Powell]], {{convert|9407|ft}}, San Gabriel Mountains.
# Galena Peak, {{convert|9324|ft}}, San Bernardino Mountains.
# [[Throop Peak]], {{convert|9142|ft}}, San Gabriel Mountains.
# Telegraph Peak, {{convert|8985|ft}}, San Gabriel Mountains.
# [[Cucamonga Peak]], {{convert|8862|ft}}, San Gabriel Mountains.
# [[Mount Pinos]], {{convert|8847|ft}}.
# [[Ontario Peak]], {{convert|8693|ft}}, San Gabriel Mountains.
# Delamar Mountain, {{convert|8402|ft}}, San Bernardino Mountains.
# Cerro Noroeste, {{convert|8280|ft}}.
# [[Mount Islip]], {{convert|8254|ft}}, San Gabriel Mountains.
# Gold Mountain, {{convert|8239|ft}}, San Bernardino Mountains.
# Bertha Peak, {{convert|8205|ft}}, San Bernardino Mountains.
# [[Frazier Mountain]], {{convert|8017|ft}}.
# [[Iron Mountain (Los Angeles County)|Iron Mountain #1]], {{convert|8010|ft}}, San Gabriel Mountains.
# Reyes Peak, {{convert|7510|ft}}, Pine Mountain Ridge.
# Haddock Mountain, {{convert|7431|ft}}, Pine Mountain Ridge.
}}

=== Ranges ===

==== Western segment ====
This segment begins at Point Conception in Santa Barbara County, and include the [[Santa Ynez Mountains]] that run parallel to the coast behind [[Santa Barbara, California|Santa Barbara]] and the [[San Rafael Mountains]] on the other side of the [[Santa Ynez Valley]]. The western Transverse Ranges also include the [[Topatopa Mountains]] and the [[Santa Susana Mountains]] of Ventura County and Los Angeles County, the [[Simi Hills]], the [[Santa Monica Mountains]] that run along the Pacific coast behind [[Malibu, California|Malibu]], and whose eastern portion are known as the [[Hollywood Hills]], and the [[Chalk Hills]]. The northern [[Channel Islands of California]] are also part of the Transverse Ranges; [[San Miguel Island|San Miguel]], [[Santa Rosa Island, California|Santa Rosa]], [[Santa Cruz Island|Santa Cruz]] and [[Anacapa Island]]s are a westward extension of the Santa Monica Mountains.

==== Central segment ====
The Ranges include the steep [[San Gabriel Mountains]] northeast of [[Los Angeles, California|Los Angeles]], the [[Sierra Pelona Mountains]] just south of the San Andreas fault, the Tehachapi Mountains southeast of Bakersfield, the [[Verdugo Mountains]], the Liebre-Sawmill Mountains, the [[San Rafael Hills]], [[Puente Hills]], [[San Jose Hills]], and [[Chino Hills]].

==== Eastern segment ====
The [[San Bernardino Mountains]], [[Little San Bernardino Mountains]], and the [[Pinto Mountains|Pinto]], [[Eagle Mountains|Eagle]], and [[Orocopia Mountains]] are within the eastern segment. The Mojave Desert and California's low desert, including the [[Coachella Valley]], are at the eastern end of the ranges.

Ranges north of the western segment that are nearly transverse but are part of the California Coast Ranges include the  [[San Rafael Mountains]] and the [[Sierra Madre Mountains (California)|Sierra Madre Mountains]]. Likewise, the [[Tehachapi Mountains]] north of the Mojave Desert, although nearly transverse, are the southern end of the [[Sierra Nevada (U.S.)|Sierra Nevada]].

==== Component ranges ====
{{col-begin}}
{{col-break}}
Mountain ranges with peaks exceeding {{convert|4500|ft}}, listed west to east, include:
* [[Santa Ynez Mountains]]
* [[San Rafael Mountains]]
* [[Pine Mountain Ridge (California)|Pine Mountain Ridge]]
* [[San Emigdio Mountains]]
* [[Topatopa Mountains]]
* [[Sierra Pelona Ridge]]
* [[San Gabriel Mountains]]
* [[San Bernardino Mountains]]
* [[Little San Bernardino Mountains]]
{{col-break}}
Examples of smaller mountain and hill ranges include:
* [[Santa Monica Mountains]]
* [[Santa Susana Mountains]]
* [[Simi Hills]]
* [[Chalk Hills]]
* [[Indio Hills]]
* [[San Rafael Hills]]
* [[Puente Hills]]
* [[San Jose Hills]]
* [[Shandin Hills]]
{{col-end}}

===Climate===
The climate in most of the range is ''Csb'' ([[Mediterranean climate#Warm-summer Mediterranean climate|Warm-summer]] [[Mediterranean climate|Mediterranean]]) under the [[Köppen climate classification]]; the upper reaches of San Gorgonio Mountain have an alpine tundra climate (''ET''), while the lower northern slopes of the range have a desert (''BW'') or steppe (''BS'') climate; most of the nearby lowlands to the south and west have a Hot-summer Mediterranean climate (''Csa'').<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.spatial.redlands.edu/salton/WebAtlas/BiologyNM.swf |title=Redlands Biology |access-date=2014-10-21 |archive-date=2017-05-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170525054535/http://www.spatial.redlands.edu/salton/WebAtlas/BiologyNM.swf |url-status=dead }}</ref>

Snow falls above {{convert|6000|ft}} most winters, and above {{convert|3000|ft|-2}} every few years. It is rare for elevations above {{convert|8000|ft|-3}} to go multiple winters without snow, even during severe droughts. Due to relatively low humidity, the regional [[snow line]] lies at about {{convert|14000-16000|ft|-3}}, above the highest elevation of the range; as such, snow does not persist year-round except in the form of [[snow patch]]es.

The tree line lies at about {{convert|11000|ft|-3}}; San Gorgonio Mountain is the only peak with an alpine environment.
{{#section:Big Bear Lake, California|weatherbox}}