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Trooping the Colour
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==Sovereign's official birthday== [[File:Trooping the Colour 1890.png|thumb|Trooping the Colour in 1890]] ===Sovereign's birthday parade=== In the United Kingdom, Trooping the Colour is also known as the "King's Birthday Parade" ("Queen's Birthday Parade" when the monarch is female). First performed during the reign of [[Charles II of England|Charles II]] (1660β1685), in 1748 it was decided that the parade of Trooping the Colour should mark the official birthday of the Sovereign. In 1760, after the accession of [[George III]], it became an annual event.<ref name="hd origins">[https://www.householddivision.org.uk/trooping-the-colour-origins#:~:text=The%20ceremony%20of%20Trooping%20the,III%20became%20King%20in%201760 "Origins of Trooping the Colour", Household Division Trooping the Colour website] Accessed 31 May 2022</ref> In 1892, the only member of the royal family to attend was [[Prince George, Duke of Cambridge]], due to court mourning for the death of [[Prince Albert Victor, Duke of Clarence]]. [[Queen Victoria]] herself only attended Trooping the Colour once, in 1895, when it was held at [[Windsor Castle]]. Although some elements of the parade have remained fairly constant, the ceremonial seen today was not fixed until 1889.<ref>{{cite book |editor-last=McKenzie |editor-first=John M |date=1992 |title=Popular imperialism and the military |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HXACEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA32 |publisher=Manchester University Press |page=32 |isbn=0-7190-3358-6}}</ref> === Sovereign's "Official Birthday" === [[File:Trooping the Colour, 1956.jpg|thumb|Trooping the Colour in 1956]] [[Edward VII]] kept Trooping the Colour in May or June, because of the vagaries of British weather (his actual birthday being in November). It coincides with publication of the [[Birthday Honours]] List, and usually takes place at [[Horse Guards Parade]] by [[St James's Park]], London. It is followed by a 41-gun salute at noon in [[Green Park]],<ref>[https://www.royal.uk/gun-salutes Gun Salutes article on Royal website] Accessed 31 May 2022</ref><ref>[https://www.royalparks.org.uk/parks/green-park/things-to-see-and-do/events-in-green-park/royal-gun-salutes Gun Salutes in Green Park, from Royal Parks website] Accessed 31 May 2022</ref> and a [[flypast]] over Buckingham Palace, watched by the royal family from the Palace balcony.<ref name="hoey">Brian Hoey, ''Royalty Revealed: A Majestic Miscellany'', Biteback Publishing, n.d. Entry under "Birthday Greetings"</ref> Since 1959, it has typically been held on a Saturday in June.<ref name="hoey"/> From 1979 to 2017 [[List of Trooping the Colour by event from 1890|it was always held on the Saturday from 11 to 17 June]]; however, in 2018 it was held on 9 June and in 2019 on 8 June. During 2020 and 2021, a modified ceremony took place at [[Windsor Castle]], due to the [[COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom|COVID-19 pandemic]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Coronavirus: Queen's official birthday marked with new ceremony |work=BBC News |date=13 June 2020 |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-53031609 |access-date=13 June 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Trooping the Colour: Scaled back celebration for Queen's official birthday |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-57451808 |website=[[BBC News]] |access-date=12 June 2021 |date=12 June 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://news.sky.com/story/queens-birthday-parade-mini-covid-restricted-trooping-the-colour-takes-place-at-windsor-castle-12330807 |title=Queen Elizabeth II birthday parade: 'Mini' COVID-restricted Trooping the Colour takes place at Windsor Castle |work=Sky News |first=Philip |last=Whiteside |date=12 June 2021 |access-date=22 May 2022}}</ref> In 2022, Trooping the Colour was [[2022 Trooping the Colour|held on a Thursday]], the date of 2 June coinciding with the anniversary of [[Coronation of Elizabeth II|Queen Elizabeth II's coronation]] on 2 June 1953. In 2023, [[Charles III]]'s first birthday parade as monarch took place on 17 June.<ref>{{cite web |title=The King's Birthday Parade (Trooping the Colour) will take place on 17 June 2023 |url=https://www.royal.uk/king%E2%80%99s-birthday-parade-trooping-colour-will-take-place-17-june-2023 |website=royal.uk |access-date=17 May 2023}}</ref> ===Broadcast=== Trooping the colour was first broadcast by [[BBC Radio]] in 1927 with a commentary by Major J. B. S. Bourne-May, a retired officer of the [[Coldstream Guards]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://livesofthefirstworldwar.iwm.org.uk/story/74833 |title=BBC Radio Broadcast Trooping the Colour |author=<!--Not stated--> |website=www.iwm.org.uk |publisher=Imperial War Museums |access-date=11 June 2024}}</ref> It was first shown on [[BBC Television]] in 1937.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/genome/entries/5874fb19-fb44-4d9e-8de4-8984c077b0d4 |title=Coming to You Live β The Origins of Outside Broadcast Television |last=Martin |first=Andrew |date=16 August 2020 |website=BBC |access-date=11 June 2024}}</ref> The parade is witnessed by a global TV audience of many millions. Over the years, commentary for the annual live broadcast in the UK by [[BBC1]] has been provided by [[Huw Edwards]] and also by [[Clare Balding]], together with expert guests and interviews with some of the personnel involved. The BBC's live broadcast has become accessible to an international audience via live streaming on [[BritBox]] in both the United States and Canada. The BBC also streams it live on YouTube beginning with the 2019 edition. For the Platinum Jubilee in 2022, additional live videos commentary of the parade for international viewers were provided by [[Sky News]] UK and ''[[The Daily Telegraph]]'' newspaper's YouTube channels. ====Sovereign's participation==== [[File:Queen Elizabeth II & The Duke of Edinburgh.JPG|thumb|Queen Elizabeth II with the [[Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh|Duke of Edinburgh]] at Trooping the Colour, June 2012]] Queen Elizabeth II attended Trooping the Colour in every year of her reign, except in 1955 when the event was cancelled due to a national rail strike. Having ridden her mare [[Burmese (horse)|Burmese]] between 1969 and 1986, the Queen rode in a carriage from 1987. On 13 June 1981, she and her horse were startled by an unemployed youth, [[Marcus Sarjeant]], who fired six blank rounds from a starting revolver.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/june/13/newsid_2512000/2512333.stm 1981: Queen shot at by youth] at [[BBC]] 'On this day' β 13 June</ref> In her years attending on horseback, the Queen, as Colonel-in-Chief, rode [[sidesaddle]] and wore a [[biretta]] and a Guards Regiment uniform with the medals she was awarded before becoming Queen ([[Order of the Crown of India]]; [[Defence Medal (United Kingdom)|Defence Medal]]; [[War Medal 1939β1945]]; [[King George V Silver Jubilee Medal]]; [[King George VI Coronation Medal]]; [[Canadian Forces' Decoration]]) and the riband and star of the [[Order of the Garter]], the [[Order of the Thistle]] or a combination of those orders, depending which regiment was trooping its colour. From 1987 she did not wear uniform, but wore the Brigade of Guards badge.{{Citation needed|date=May 2024}} [[File:Trooping the Colour 2023 02.jpg|thumb|right|King Charles III (left), in the uniform of the Welsh Guards, is followed by [[William, Prince of Wales]], [[Prince Edward, Duke of Edinburgh]] and [[Anne, Princess Royal]] in 2023.]] Her 80th birthday in 2006 was marked by a large [[flypast]] of 40 planes led by the [[Battle of Britain Memorial Flight]] and culminating with the [[Red Arrows]]. It was followed by the first [[feu de joie]] ("fire of joy") fired in her presence during her reign, a second being fired at her Diamond Jubilee celebrations in 2012. In 2008, a flypast of 55 aircraft commemorated the [[RAF]]'s 90th anniversary.<ref>[https://www.wired-gov.net/wg/wg-news-1.nsf/0/AEFEBF94A52DB71380257467004AD5F1 Wired Gov article about the RAF 90 flypast at Rooping the colour] β Accessed 31 Maty 2022</ref> In 2023, at the first Trooping the Colour of [[Charles III]] as king, he revived the tradition of the sovereign riding on horseback and in uniform. The flypast of some 70 aircraft was a reprise of the display originally intended for the [[Coronation of Charles III and Camilla|coronation]], which had been curtailed due to poor weather.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/uk/first-trooping-colour-parade-britains-king-charles-2023-06-17/ |title=First 'Trooping the Colour' parade for Britain's King Charles |last=Young |first=Sarah |date=17 June 2023 |website=www.reuters.com |publisher=Reuters |access-date= }}</ref>
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