Editing Truman Sports Complex (section)

==Overview==
[[File:Truman Sports Complex Aerial.jpg|thumb|An [[Fairchild Republic A-10 Thunderbolt II|A-10 Warthog]] flew over the complex in 2017.]]
The Truman Sports Complex was built and owned by the government of [[Jackson County, Missouri|Jackson County]] and managed by the Jackson County Sports Complex Authority, which is a [[Missouri|State of Missouri]] agency.<ref>{{cite web|title=Jackson County Sports Complex Authority|url=https://boards.mo.gov/UserPages/Board.aspx?42|website=MO.gov|access-date=January 14, 2024}}</ref> The current complex design, created by [[Charles Deaton]], was arrived at when Deaton caught the ear of Kansas City Chiefs [[General manager (American football)|General Manager]] [[Jack Steadman (American football executive)|Jack Steadman]] and suggested building side-by-side stadiums for the two sports with each stadium customized to its needs.<ref name="Zinke">Karl Zinke, [https://web.archive.org/web/20070929012428/http://www.sportsmonthly.net/stories/011605/Spo_011605016.shtml Ahead of its time; Royal helped build first two-stadium facility].</ref> The original plan called for separate side-by-side stadiums<ref>{{cite web|url=http://football.ballparks.com/NFL/KansasCityChiefs/index.htm|title=Arrowhead Stadium|first=BALLPARKS.com by Munsey and|last=Suppes|website=football.ballparks.com}}</ref> with a mutual rolling roof. However, the roof was never built due to cost.<ref name="Zinke" /> The complex was revolutionary in an age when new stadiums tended to be built as [[multipurpose stadium|multiuse venues]] for planning and cost purposes. As such, Arrowhead and Kauffman are two of the few remaining professional sports stadiums of the era, many of them having been demolished as the multi-purpose approach fell out of favor in the late 1990s.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Guridy |first1=Frank Andre |title=Stadiums in the 1970s: Beyond the Myth of the Concrete Doughnut |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/modern-american-history/article/stadiums-in-the-1970s-beyond-the-myth-of-the-concrete-doughnut/9FFCFC7FCB1C9B1EA92A6561C3821EFB |website=Cambridge University Press |publisher=Cambridge University Press |access-date=27 April 2025}}</ref> 

The design not only made Deaton's reputation, but also made that of the architects that implemented his plans, [[Kivett and Myers]]. In 1975, the firm merged with Kansas City architect firm [[HNTB]] and went on to design stadiums like [[Giants Stadium]], the [[RCA Dome]], [[Empower Field at Mile High|Broncos Stadium at Mile High]], and [[Highmark Stadium (New York)|Ralph Wilson Stadium]]. In 1983, several HNTB architects were hired by [[St. Louis]]-based architectural firm [[Hellmuth, Obata and Kassabaum]], forming what would later become [[Populous (company)|Populous]] and opening their primary office in Kansas City. Had the 40–year extension of an existing 3/8th [[Jackson County, Missouri]], tax passed when it was put to a vote on April 2, 2024, Populous would have been the company to build [[New Royals Stadium]].

The construction of the complex was undertaken by the joint venture of the Sharp, Kidde, and [[Del E. Webb Construction Company|Webb]] construction firms.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://delwebbsuncitiesmuseum.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/1969-1970.pdf|title=Webb Spinner 1969-1970}}</ref>

On October 27, 1985, the [[1985 Kansas City Chiefs season|Chiefs]] hosted a Noon kickoff game at Arrowhead Stadium against the [[1985 Denver Broncos season|Denver Broncos]] in which Denver won, 30–10.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.pro-football-reference.com/boxscores/198510270kan.htm|title=Denver Broncos at Kansas City Chiefs - October 27th, 1985|publisher=Pro Football Reference| access-date=February 19, 2023|language=en}}</ref> Later that night across the complex at Royals Stadium, the [[1985 Kansas City Royals season|Royals]] won Game 7 of the [[1985 World Series]] (7:30pm first pitch) against the [[1985 St. Louis Cardinals season|St. Louis Cardinals]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.retrosheet.org/boxesetc/1985/B10270KCA1985.htm|title=Kansas City Royals 11, St. Louis Cardinals 0|website=Retrosheet.org|access-date=February 19, 2023|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1985/10/28/sports/royal-rout-a-bitter-ending-for-cards.html|title=Royal Rout a Bitter Ending For Cards|last=Durso|first=Joseph|work=The New York Times|date=October 28, 1985|access-date=March 16, 2023|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.foxsports.com/stories/other/1985-world-series-the-wild-and-crazy-complete-story-of-the-kansas-city-royals-unlikely-win|title=1985 World Series: The wild and crazy complete story of the Kansas City Royals' unlikely win|work=Fox Sports|access-date=March 16, 2023|language=en}}</ref>

Kansas City began a project to renovate both Arrowhead and Kauffman Stadiums in 2007, following the passage of a {{frac|3|8}} cent sales tax increase in a referendum in 2006. Improvements to Kauffman Stadium were finished in time for the MLB Opening Day in 2009,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://mlb.mlb.com/kc/ballpark/index.jsp|title=Kauffman Stadium|website=Kansas City Royals}}</ref> and Arrowhead Stadium was completed in time for the NFL Opening Day in 2010. A separate tax referendum to raise funds to finally build the rolling roof failed. Both stadiums are being renovated by Populous.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://kcchiefs.com/news/2007/08/15/chiefs_unveil_the_new_arrowhead/|title=Kansas City Chiefs - Chiefs Unveil The New Arrowhead<!-- Bot generated title -->|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930203623/http://kcchiefs.com/news/2007/08/15/chiefs_unveil_the_new_arrowhead/|archive-date=2007-09-30}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://kansascity.royals.mlb.com/kc/ballpark/renovation_project_team.jsp|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071109225935/http://kansascity.royals.mlb.com/kc/ballpark/renovation_project_team.jsp|url-status=dead|archive-date=November 9, 2007|title=Kauffman Stadium|website=Kansas City Royals}}</ref>

With renovations, both the Royals and Chiefs have leases on the stadiums through January 31, 2031. Their previous lease which was renegotiated in 1990 had been set to expire January 31, 2015.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.jcsca.org/new/padmin/UserFiles/File/docs/JCSCA%202009%20Annual%20Report.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=2010-12-06 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110726201959/http://www.jcsca.org/new/padmin/UserFiles/File/docs/JCSCA%202009%20Annual%20Report.pdf |archive-date=2011-07-26 }}</ref>

===GEHA Field at Arrowhead Stadium===
{{main|Arrowhead Stadium}}
[[File:Aerial view of Arrowhead Stadium 08-31-2013.jpg|right|thumb|300px|Arrowhead Stadium pictured in 2013]]
GEHA Field at Arrowhead Stadium, home of the [[National Football League]]'s [[Kansas City Chiefs]], opened in the fall of 1972. [[George Halas]] called Arrowhead "the most revolutionary, futuristic sports complex I have ever seen."<ref name="Zinke" /> Fans occasionally refer to the stadium as "The Sea of Red" or simply just Arrowhead. The stadium is commonly referred to as the "Home of the CHIEFS" at the beginning of every home game.<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5D-jBLYgWo0 Welcome to Arrowhead - Volume 1], youtube.com</ref><ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xTZGw44r0oU Welcome to Arrowhead - Thanksgiving], youtube.com</ref> Arrowhead has long held a reputation for being one of, if not the, loudest outdoor stadium in the NFL due to the exuberance of the Chiefs' fans.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.stadiumsofnfl.com/afc/ArrowheadStadium.htm|title=Stadiums of the NFL-Arrowhead Stadium-Kansas City Chiefs<!-- Bot generated title -->|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081216013316/http://www.stadiumsofnfl.com/afc/ArrowheadStadium.htm|archive-date=2008-12-16}}</ref> In recent years, Arrowhead has competed with [[Lumen Field]] in [[Seattle]] for the loudest open-air stadium in the world, as certified by the [[Guinness Book of World Records]]. Kansas City briefly held the record when the crowd roar reached 137.5 decibels in a Chiefs victory over the [[Oakland Raiders]] on October 13, 2013; but Seattle's 12th Man broke the record only a few weeks later at 137.8 decibels.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.sbnation.com/nfl/2013/10/13/4834950/chiefs-noise-record-guinness,%3C!--|title=Chiefs fans break noise record|date=October 13, 2013 }}</ref> Arrowhead reclaimed the title, however, on September 29, 2014, when noise levels reached 142.2 decibels as the Chiefs defeated the [[New England Patriots]] on ''[[Monday Night Football]]''.<ref>{{cite web|title=Kansas City Chiefs fans reclaim record for loudest crowd roar at sports stadium|url=http://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/news/2014/10/kansas-city-chiefs-fans-reclaim-record-for-loudest-crowd-roar-at-sports-stadium-60872/|website=Guinness World Records|date=2 October 2014}}</ref>

===Kauffman Stadium===
{{main|Kauffman Stadium}}
[[File:Kauffman.jpg|thumb|right|Kauffman Stadium]]
Kauffman Stadium, home of [[Major League Baseball]]'s [[Kansas City Royals]], opened in early 1973 as Royals Stadium and is located adjacent to Arrowhead. The stadium's name was changed in 1993 to honor Royals founder [[Ewing Kauffman]] just months before his death. Even though the stadium is slightly older than 40 years old, it is the sixth-oldest stadium in MLB, as a result of the construction of a number of new stadiums in the 1990s. It was the only baseball-specific stadium completed from the early 1960s until the early 1990s. It is also one of eight stadiums in Major League Baseball that doesn't have a corporate-sponsored name (the others are [[Yankee Stadium]], [[Fenway Park]], [[Wrigley Field]], [[Oriole Park at Camden Yards]], [[Dodger Stadium]], [[Angel Stadium of Anaheim]], and [[Nationals Park]]).

In addition to that, the stadium was the last baseball-only park that was built in the majors (not counting temporary facilities) from 1966 to 1991 and one of the few baseball-only facilities built in the majors during the heyday of the [[Multi-purpose stadium|cookie-cutter stadium]] era, as well as one of two such facilities (alongside [[Dodger Stadium]]) that are still active and were never converted for use as multi-purpose stadiums. Despite its status as a baseball-only park throughout its history, it is one of only two active MLB stadiums (the other being [[Rogers Centre]]) that features symmetrical outfield dimensions, commonly associated with multi-purpose stadiums.