Editing Turban (section)

==History==
The earliest depiction of a turban can be found on a Mesopotamian sculpture dating back to 2350 BCE.<ref>''Ethnic Dress in the United States: A Cultural Encyclopedia'', page [https://books.google.com/books?id=tiEvBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA293&dq= 293], Annette Lynch, Mitchell D. Strauss, Rowman & Littlefield</ref><ref>''India: The Ancient Past: A History of the Indian Subcontinent from C. 7000 BCE to CE 1200'', page [https://books.google.com/books?id=WTaTDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA58&dq= 58], Burjor Avari, Routledge</ref><ref name="Perseus-Tufts">{{cite web|title=P. Ovidius Naso, Metamorphoses, Book 11, line 146|url=https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.02.0028%3Abook%3D11%3Acard%3D146 |publisher=[[Perseus Digital Library]] |access-date=21 January 2017}}</ref><ref name="GBooks-Norma">{{cite book|last1=Goldman|first1=Norma|author1-link=Norma Goldman |last2=Nyenhuis|first2=Jacob E.|title=Latin Via Ovid: A First Course|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fORWW12AoTAC&q=ovid+turban+midas&pg=PA158|publisher=Wayne State University Press|access-date=21 January 2017|language=en|date=1 January 1982|isbn=0814317324}}</ref> A style of turban called a ''phakeolis'' continued to be worn in that region by soldiers of the [[Byzantine Empire|Byzantine]] army in the period 400–600,<ref name="GBooks-D'Amato">{{cite book|last1=D'Amato|first1=Raffaele|title=Roman Military Clothing (3): AD 400–640 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=q0J78geiNrYC&q=phakeolis+turban&pg=PA4|publisher=Bloomsbury USA|access-date=21 January 2017|language=en|date=10 August 2005|isbn=9781841768434}}{{Dead link|date=May 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> as well as by Byzantine civilians as depicted in Greek frescoes from the 10th century in the province of [[Cappadocia]] in modern Turkey,<ref name="GBooks-Condra">{{cite book|last1=Condra|first1=Jill|title=The Greenwood Encyclopedia of Clothing Through World History: 1801 to the present |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=q6FI2czFz6MC&q=phakeolis+turban&pg=PA269 |publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|access-date=21 January 2017|language=en|date=1 January 2008|isbn=9780313336652}}</ref> where it was still worn by their [[Cappadocian Greeks|Greek-speaking descendants]] in the early 20th century. The [[Prophets and messengers in Islam|Islamic prophet]], [[Muhammad]], who lived 570–632, wore an [[Ammama|Imama]] turban. The style of turban he introduced was a cap with a cloth tied around it; this headwear is known as ''[[Ammama|Imama]]'' and was emulated by [[Muslim]] kings and scholars throughout history. Shia clerics today wear white turbans unless they are descendants of Muhammad or [[sayyid]], in which case they wear a black turban. Many Muslim men choose to wear green, because it represents paradise, especially among followers of [[Sufism]]. In parts of [[North Africa]], where blue is common, the shade of a turban can signify the tribe of the wearer.<ref>Hughes, Thomas Patrick. ''A Dictionary of Islam: Being a Cyclopedia of the Doctrines, Rites, Ceremonies and Customs Together with the Technical and Theological Terms of the Muhammadan Religion''. WH Allen & Company, 1895.</ref>

<gallery class="center" widths="200" heights="200">
File:Marble Portrait Bust of a Woman with a Scroll MET DP345057.jpg|Late fourth century [[Byzantine dress|Byzantine woman]], wearing a phakeolis.
File:Chora Church interior March 2008.JPG|14th century Byzantine, [[Theodore Metochites]], presenting a model of the renovated [[Chora Church]], while wearing a striped turban.
File:EmperorSuleiman.jpg|16th century, [[Suleiman the Magnificent|Suleiman I]], wearing the Ottoman imperial turban, known as ''kavuk''.([[:tr:kavuk|tr]])
File:Sultan Abdillahi Sultan Deria.jpg|Sultan [[Abdillahi Deria]], fourth Grand Sultan of the [[Somalis|Somali]] [[Isaaq Sultanate]], wearing a turban.
File:II Selim.jpg|16th century [[sultan of the Ottoman Empire]] [[Selim II]] wearing the Ottoman imperial turban, known as ''kavuk''
File:Humayun (left) with his father Babur (right), painted circa 1640 (Late Shah Jahan Album).jpg|16th century [[Mughal Emperor]] [[Babur]] and his heir [[Humayun]] wearing turbans (ca 1640).
File:Maharaj Ranjit Singh.jpg|[[Ranjit Singh|Maharaja Ranjit Singh]], founder of the [[Sikh Empire]], wearing a decorated turban (1830).
File:Shivaji British Museum.jpg|Late 17th century [[Maratha Confederacy|Maratha]] [[Chhatrapati|emperor]] [[Shivaji]] wearing a turban and its ornaments.
File:Sultan Mohamoud Ali Shire 2.jpg|[[Sultan]] [[Mohamoud Ali Shire]] of the [[Somalis|Somali]] [[Warsangali]] clan wearing a turban (1905).
File:Guercino Abramo ripudia Agar (cropped).jpg|[[Baroque]] depiction of [[Abraham]] wearing a turban, by [[Guercino]], oil on canvas (1657).
File:Pythagoras in the Roman Forum, Colosseum.jpg|[[Roman Republic|Roman]] copy of a [[Ancient Greece|Greek]] bust featuring [[Pythagoras of Samos]] wearing a turban (2nd–1st century BCE).
</gallery>