Editing Turnstile (section)

==History==
[[File:Zwierzyniec IMGP3045.JPG|thumb|A wooden turnstile for keeping livestock penned in ([[Zwierzyniec]], Poland).]]
[[File:Bath Rec, old turnstile.jpg|thumb|A circa-1930 turnstile and kiosk at the [[Bath Recreation Ground]]]]
[[File:NYCS museum turnstiles.jpg|thumb|An array of historic NY subway turnstiles, from 1939]]
Turnstiles were originally used, like other forms of [[stile]], to allow human beings to pass while excluding livestock, grave yards being one application.<ref>{{Cite web |last=says |first=Melvyn |date=2019-08-12 |title=London's Alleys: Great Turnstile, WC2 |url=https://www.ianvisits.co.uk/articles/londons-alleys-great-turnstile-wc2-32620/ |access-date=2025-01-26 |website=ianVisits |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Barnes |first=William |url=https://archive.org/details/poemsrurallifein00barn/page/449/mode/1up?q=turnstile |title=Poems of rural life in the Dorset dialect |date=1893 |publisher=London : Paul, Trench, Trübner |others=University of California Libraries}}</ref> They may have been used from the early modern period to control access to toll roads, and retail streets, the Holborn [[Great Turnstile]] appearing in 16th century literature<ref>{{Cite web |title=High Holborn from the parish boundary to Little Turnstile {{!}} British History Online |url=https://www.british-history.ac.uk/survey-london/vol5/pt2/pp3-9 |access-date=2025-01-26 |website=www.british-history.ac.uk}}</ref> Turnstiles were adopted as a means to control access to building and amusements during the 19th century, with many sports stadium and swimming pools installing them,<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Archaeology |first=Current |date=2021-12-02 |title=First 'Hampden Park' football stadium unearthed in Glasgow {{!}} The Past |url=https://the-past.com/news/archaeologists-unearth-the-first-hampden-park-football-stadium-in-glasgow/ |access-date=2025-01-26 |website=the-past.com |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title='The Turnstile. A Picturesque Simile.' (Sir William Amcotts-Ingilby, 2nd Bt; John Charles Spencer, 3rd Earl Spencer; Daniel O'Connell; Joseph Hume; William Cobbett) - National Portrait Gallery |url=https://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/portrait/mw210107 |access-date=2025-01-26 |website=www.npg.org.uk |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=1890s Cassio Road and Vicarage Road Turnstile |url=https://www.watfordgold.org.uk/catalogue_item/1890s-cassio-road-and-vicarage-road-turnstile |access-date=2025-01-26 |website=Watford Gold |language=en}}</ref> patents for improvements to the concept being granted to manufacturers.<ref>{{Cite patent|number=US501680A|title=Of manchester|gdate=1893-07-18|url=https://patents.google.com/patent/US501680}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=W. T. Ellison and Co - Graces Guide |url=https://www.gracesguide.co.uk/W._T._Ellison_and_Co |access-date=2025-01-26 |website=www.gracesguide.co.uk}}</ref> Coin and later ticket operated turnstiles appeared on mass transit systems during the 20th century, magnetic strip encoded tickets and passes replacing earlier perforated tickets, during the late 1960s, in Tokyo.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Yoiko - Research of Automatic Ticket Checker: Overview |url=https://en.ysrl.org/atc/overview.html |access-date=2025-01-26 |website=en.ysrl.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite patent|number=US3579188A|title=Automatic ticket gate|gdate=1971-05-18|invent1=Osaki|inventor1-first=Keisuke|url=https://patents.google.com/patent/US3579188A/en}}</ref> The use of turnstiles, in 20th century USA, has been credited to [[Clarence Saunders (grocer)|Clarence Saunders]], who used them in his first [[Piggly Wiggly]] store.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.chipublib.org/blogs/post/technology-that-changed-chicago-piggly-wiggly/|title=Piggly Wiggly: Technology That Changed Chicago|date=July 17, 2014|website=Chicago Public Library|access-date=May 15, 2024|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220725063454/https://www.chipublib.org/blogs/post/technology-that-changed-chicago-piggly-wiggly/|archive-date=July 25, 2022}}</ref>