Editing Turok (section)

==Publishing history==
===Western Publishing===
[[Image:Turok-son-of-stone-comic.jpg|thumb|''Turok: Son of Stone'' #93 (November 1974 cover) (copy of ''Dell'' #19 (March–May 1960))]]

The original comic, titled ''Turok, Son of Stone'', was illustrated by Rex Maxon. The writer-creator credit for the characters of Turok and Andar is disputed,<!--NOTE: The Toonopedia link CITED here says Matthew H. Murphy--> with historians citing Matthew H. Murphy, [[Gaylord Du Bois]], and [[Paul S. Newman]] as the feature's earliest writers.

The Western Publishing version of Turok was a [[Pre-Columbian era]] [[Indigenous peoples of the Americas|Native American]] (identified as [[Mandan]] in the first issue, on page 21 and 32 of ''Dell Four Color'' #596) who, along with his brother, Andar, finds himself lost in an isolated valley populated by [[dinosaur]]s. Turok refers to many of the prehistoric animals as "honkers" or by their most obvious characteristics ([[Tyrannosaurus rex|tyrannosaurus]] are called "runners", [[pterosaur]]s are called "flyers", [[velociraptors]] are "screamers", [[Elasmosaurus|plesiosaurs]] are "sea demons", ''[[Triceratops]]'' are "rammers", etc.). The Du Bois stories involve Turok and Andar seeking a way out of the valley. Du Bois was influenced by his visits to [[Carlsbad Caverns]] in [[New Mexico]], and developed the "Lost Valley" from his visits to the area.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Fischer |first1=Stuart |title=Those Unforgettable Super-Heroes of Dell & Gold Key |journal=Alter Ego |issue=151 |page=64 |publisher=TwoMorrows Publishing |date=March 2018}}</ref>

After two appearances in ''Four Color'' #596 and #656, the title ran 27 issues (#3–29) published by [[Dell Comics]] (1956–1962); then issues #30–125 (1962–1980) from [[Gold Key Comics]]; and finally issues #126–130 (1981–82) under Western's Whitman Comics imprint.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Schelly |first1=William |title=American Comic Book Chronicles: The 1950s |date=2013 |publisher=TwoMorrows |isbn=9781605490540 |page=162}}</ref>

The first Turok one-shot (''Four Color'' #596) was originally written by Du Bois as a ''Young Hawk'' story. ''Young Hawk'' was an earlier Native American comic book feature Du Bois created, which appeared in Dell's ''[[The Lone Ranger]]'' comic book series.

Although the artists had long since established Turok as an adult, Du Bois's last scripts for the series (''Turok'' #8) still introduced stories by describing Turok and Andar as "youths", more befitting Young Hawk than Turok (though Andar was depicted as a youth). The first story in that issue begins as "Turok and Andar, [[Native Americans in the United States|Indian]] youths, have found their way into a strange network of deep canyons in the Carlsbad area, where ancient forms of life still exist&nbsp;... They have found no way to get out". The second story begins where "trapped in a deep canyon in the Carlsbad area of New Mexico, Turok and Andar, two Indian youths, have met ancient forms of life which have disappeared from all other parts of the world".

In Du Bois' last Turok story (issue #8, "Turok Seeks the Trail to Freedom", in which Turok encounters a herd of horses, which he calls "slim-legged creatures", having no word for them, as the horse had not yet been reintroduced to the Americas by the Spanish), Turok scales the cliffs, and escapes the Lost Valley. However, he returns for Andar, who was left behind after being injured. Soon, an avalanche permanently seals the way out and the series begins anew. [[Paul S. Newman]] began writing the Turok stories afterward.

===Valiant Comics===
[[Image:Turok-valiant-comic.jpg|thumb|Valiant's ''Turok: Dinosaur Hunter''. Art by [[Bart Sears]].]]
In 1992, [[Valiant Comics]] introduced a revamped Turok, debuting him in ''[[Magnus: Robot Fighter]]'' #12.<ref>{{cite journal |date=January 1993 |title= Top 10: December 1992 |journal=[[Wizard (magazine)|Wizard]] |issue=17 |page=108 |publisher=[[Wizard Entertainment]]}}</ref> With this version, the concept and setting were altered. Turok and Andar were now 18th-century [[Indigenous peoples of the Americas|Native Americans]]. The isolated valley became "the Lost Lands" – a land where [[demon]]s, [[dinosaur]]s and [[Extraterrestrial life|alien]]s flourish and where "time has no meaning". A cosmic anomaly causes time in the Lost Lands to move in a self-contained loop (which means that while millions of years pass outside of it, inside it, time barely moves at all). "[[Unity (comics)|Unity]]", a line-wide Valiant Comics crossover storyline, altered the concept even further. The crossover's main villain, a psychotic superpowered being known as [[Mothergod]], uses the Lost Lands as her base of operations. She outfits dinosaurs with intelligence-boosting implants, turning them into "bionisaurs".

In the aftermath of the final battle between Mothergod and the [[Valiant Universe]] heroes, the Lost Lands begin to disappear. Turok and Andar are tossed into a [[post-apocalyptic]] future Earth, and a group of bionisaurs make it to Earth along with them. Following this, they become ruthless hunters trying to contend with the demons and aliens that exist in the future world, as well as various [[Lovecraft]]ian abominations and high-tech future warriors. Mothergod seizes power in this future and begins to rebuild her empire and attempts to hunt down and kill Turok and Andar.

A new volume of Turok's own comic, ''Turok: Dinosaur Hunter'', was launched in 1993. Valiant published 53 issues before [[Acclaim Entertainment|Acclaim]] purchased the company, including ''Turok: Dinosaur Hunter'' #0–47, ''Original Turok: Son of Stone'' #1–2, ''Turok: Dinosaur Hunter Yearbook'' in 1994, and the two-issue miniseries ''Turok the Hunted'' in 1996. ''Turok: Dinosaur Hunter'' #1 was the sixth best-selling comic of the month of June, surpassed only by the first five installments of "[[Reign of the Supermen!]]".<ref>{{cite news | date = June 1993 | title = Wizard Market Watch | work = [[Wizard (magazine)|Wizard]] | issue = #22 | pages = 134–5}}</ref>

===Acclaim Comics===
{{unreferenced section|date = July 2010}}
A new Turok series, titled simply ''Turok'', was published by [[Valiant Comics|Acclaim Comics]] in 1997 and 1998. In the revamped Acclaim Comics universe, Turok is not the character's name, but rather a title meaning "Son of Stone". The Turok must protect the barriers between this dimension and the others—the axis of all worlds being the Lost Lands, a place where creatures from across time and space had been dragged and where "time has no meaning". Joshua Fireseed, the latest Turok, must travel between alternate universes stopping those who would try to conquer the Lost Lands, and thus all of the multiverse with it.

===Dark Horse Comics===
A new Turok series, again titled ''Turok: Son of Stone'', was launched by Dark Horse Comics, under license by [[DreamWorks Classics|Classic Media]] in 2010. The title was written by former Valiant Comics writer [[Jim Shooter]] and illustrated by Eduardo Francisco. This was one of a series of titles released by Dark Horse that year based on classic [[Gold Key Comics]] properties. The entire line, including Turok, was short-lived, with Turok lasting only four issues.<ref>{{cite web|last=Johnson|first=Rich|title=Solar, Magnus, Turok, Dark Horse's Gold Key Line To Be Cancelled| date= May 7, 2011 |url= http://www.bleedingcool.com/2011/05/07/solar-magnus-turok-dark-horses-gold-key-line-to-be-cancelled/|publisher= | website= BleedingCool|access-date= 7 May 2011}}</ref>

===Dynamite Comics===
[[Dynamite Entertainment]] launched a new Turok comic series, titled ''Turok: Dinosaur Hunter'', as well as books based on other Gold Key Comics properties, as part of a licensing deal with [[DreamWorks Classics]].<ref>{{cite web|last=Wilson |first=Matt D. |title=New Turok, Magnus, Solar And Doctor Spektor Comics Coming From Dynamite In 2014 [NYCC 2013] |url=http://comicsalliance.com/turok-magnus-solar-doctor-spektor-comics-dynamite |publisher=ComicsAlliance |access-date=11 October 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131014063200/http://comicsalliance.com/turok-magnus-solar-doctor-spektor-comics-dynamite/ |archive-date=2013-10-14 }}</ref> The creative team on the title was [[Greg Pak]] and Mirko Colak. This comics series was released in 2014.<ref>{{cite web|last=Gerding|first=Stephen.|title=EXCLUSIVE: Dynamite Debuts First 'Turok' Pages, New Variants|work=Comic Book Resources |date=13 November 2013|url=http://www.comicbookresources.com/?page=article&id=49111|access-date=10 Dec 2013}}</ref> The series ended after 12 issues.<ref>{{cite web|title=Dynamite Turok: Dinosaur Hunter #12|url=http://www.dynamite.com/htmlfiles/viewProduct.html?PRO=C72513021358712011|website=Dynamite – The Official Site|access-date=20 December 2015}}</ref>

In 2016, Turok appeared in a five-issue miniseries called ''[[Gold Key: Alliance]]''. Written by [[Phil Hester (comics)|Phil Hester]] and illustrated by Brent Peeples, the book starred heroes from multiple Gold Key Comics titles.<ref>{{cite web|title=Dynamite Gold Key Alliance #1 (of 5)|url=http://dynamite.com/htmlfiles/viewProduct.html?PRO=C72513024648601011|website=Dynamite – The Official Site|access-date=24 February 2016}}</ref>

Dynamite published a second Turok comic series titled ''Turok'', written by [[Chuck Wendig]] and illustrated by Álvaro Sarraseca, in 2017. It also featured backup stories starring fellow Gold Key character [[Doctor Spektor]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Dynamite Turok #1|url=https://dynamite.com/htmlfiles/viewProduct.html?PRO=C72513026075801011|website=Dynamite – The Official Site|access-date=25 November 2017}}</ref>