Editing Two-seam fastball (section)

==Grip and action==
Several grips are used for a two-seam fastball, the most common of which is to place the index and middle fingers along the seams where they are closest together (where the horseshoes point in towards each other) with the thumb placed directly below on the leather with the rear of the thumb just touching the bottom near seam.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.efastball.com/baseball/pitching/grips/two-seam-fastball-grip/ | title = Two Seam Fastball Grip | publisher = EFastBall | access-date = 2012-07-10 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120710230013/http://www.efastball.com/baseball/pitching/grips/two-seam-fastball-grip/ | archive-date = 2012-07-10 | url-status = dead }}</ref> The arm action is identical to a four-seam fastball, although the hand action differs slightly. Typically, the two-seam has more movement if the pitcher applies index fingertip pressure, or holds the baseball deeper in the hand.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.theulitmatepitcher.com/2012/05/two-seam-fastball-grip.html |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120912021940/http://www.theulitmatepitcher.com/2012/05/two-seam-fastball-grip.html |url-status=usurped |archive-date=2012-09-12 |title=Two Seam Fastball Video |publisher=The Ultimate Pitcher }}</ref>  Both techniques cause the ball to spin out of the hand off-center and away from the pitcher, similar to the spin of a [[changeup]].<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.thecompletepitcher.com/pitching_grips.htm | title = Pitching Grips | publisher = TheCompletePitcher.com | first = Steven | last = Ellis | author-link = Steven Ellis (baseball)}}</ref>

The two-seam fastball is often perceived to be slower than the [[four-seam fastball]], but the slight pronation of the hand and off-center spin on the ball carries the ball down and toward the pitcher's dominant side, down and to the right for right-handers, and down and to the left for left-handers.<ref>{{cite news|title=Article |url=http://www.seattlepi.com/baseball/pdf/pitchingpage.pdf |archive-url=https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20090324011336/http://www.seattlepi.com/baseball/pdf/pitchingpage.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-date=2009-03-24 |work=Seattle Post-Intelligencer }}</ref>

A two-seam fastball that has a high horizontal break and drops less is often referred to as a running fastball.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Two-Seam Fastball (FT) {{!}} Glossary |url=https://www.mlb.com/glossary/pitch-types/two-seam-fastball |access-date=2022-03-21 |website=MLB.com |language=en}}</ref> It is often higher in average velocity than a traditional two-seamer.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Question: How to throw a two-seam fastball |url=https://bikehike.org/how-to-throw-a-two-seam-fastball/#Whats_the_difference_between_a_running_fastball_and_a_two_seam_fastball |access-date=March 21, 2022 |website=BikeHike.org}}</ref> In either case, the pitch is thrown in a two-seam orientation and has a gyro angle far from 0 degrees, leading to  [[seam-shifted wake]] effects that cause downward and lateral movement compared to a four-seam fastball.