Editing Tychy (section)

==History==
===Etymology===
The moniker Tychy is derived from the Polish word ''cichy'', meaning "quiet" or "still".<ref>Room, A. (2005). ''Placenames of the World''. Second Edition p. 386. McFarland and Company</ref> Although appropriate for most of Tychy's history, the name is now somewhat ironic considering the growth of the city from 1950 onwards.

===Origins and development===
Originally established as a small agricultural settlement on the medieval trade route between [[Oświęcim]] and Mikołów, Tychy was first documented in 1467.<ref name="History of Tychy">[http://www.umtychy.pl/www_4.0/artykul.php?s=405,470 Umtychy.pl]{{Dead link|date=March 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, "History of Tychy", Retrieved 2006-07-02</ref> In 1629 the first trace of serious economic activity was recorded in the shape of the Książęcy Brewery, which is now one of the largest breweries in Poland.<ref>[http://www.umtychy.pl/www_4.0/dodruku_artykul.php?s=410,475 Umtychy.pl]{{Dead link|date=March 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, "Monuments", Retrieved 2006-07-02</ref>

From 1526 onwards the area on which Tychy is built was part of the Austrian [[Habsburg monarchy]]. In 1742 [[Kingdom of Prussia|Prussia]] annexed the land after winning the [[First Silesian War]] against the Austrian [[Habsburg monarchy|Hasburg monarchy]]. In 1871 the territory became part of the [[German Empire]] until in 1918, for a short period between 1918 and 1921 Tychy was just inside the border of the newly formed [[Weimar Republic]] and still a part of the German [[Province of Silesia]]. On 16–17 August 1919 the {{Interlanguage link|Battle of Paprocany|pl|Bitwa o Paprocany}} (present-day district of Tychy) was fought as one of the first battles of the [[Silesian Uprisings]] (1919–1921). After the uprisings Tychy was reintegrated with the re-established [[Second Polish Republic|Polish state]]. Additionally, due to the Polish majority in 1921 in Tychy and the few Germans, 84% of the inhabitants voted for joining Poland during the plebiscite.<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/544097/Silesia Britannica.com], "Silesia", [[Encyclopædia Britannica Online]], Retrieved 2006-07-02</ref>

Shortly after its cession to Poland, Tychy began to develop into a small urban settlement, acquiring a hospital, a fire station, a post office, a school, a swimming pool, a bowling hall and a number of shops and restaurants. In 1922 it was visited by leader of interwar Poland, [[Józef Piłsudski]].<ref name=ety/> Its population also grew between World War I and World War II, reaching a population of 11,000 at its highest point during this time.<ref name="History of Tychy"/>

===World War II===
[[File:Tychy - lipiec 2012 1.JPG|thumb|190px|Memorial to Poles murdered by the Germans in the last public execution in Tychy on September 22, 1944]]
Along with the rest of industrial Upper Silesia Tychy was [[Occupation of Poland (1939–1945)|occupied]] by [[Nazi Germany]] forces after the [[invasion of Poland]] and annexed into the Third Reich,<ref>^ Cienciala, Anna M. (2004). [http://web.ku.edu/~eceurope/hist557/lect16.htm "The Coming of the War and Eastern Europe in World War II"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120801010755/http://web.ku.edu/~eceurope/hist557/lect16.htm |date=2012-08-01 }} University of Kansas. Retrieved on 2009-07-03</ref> while many of its inhabitants who were not [[Expulsion of Poles by Nazi Germany|expelled]] or [[Nazi crimes against the Polish nation|exterminated]] were forced to change their nationality to German in order to comply with the [[Racial policy of Nazi Germany|racist policies of Nazi Germany]].<ref>Kamusella, T. (1999) [http://rss.archives.ceu.hu/archive/00001016/01/17.pdf The Dynamics of the Policies of Ethnic Cleansing in Silesia in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170224234905/http://rss.archives.ceu.hu/archive/00001016/01/17.pdf |date=2017-02-24 }} p. 381 Open Society Institute. Retrieved 2009-07-03</ref> Mass arrests and executions of Polish activists and former [[Silesian Uprisings|Polish insurgents]] of 1919–1921 were carried out in the first days of the occupation in September 1939.<ref>{{cite book|last=Wardzyńska|first=Maria|year=2009|title=Był rok 1939. Operacja niemieckiej policji bezpieczeństwa w Polsce. Intelligenzaktion|language=pl|location=Warszawa|publisher=[[Institute of National Remembrance|IPN]]|page=131}}</ref> As early as September 3, 1939, the Germans murdered several Polish residents of the city, of whom 13 were later identified, the youngest was 16 years old.<ref>Wardzyńska, p. 133</ref> The Germans also carried out manhunts of Polish insurgents who were hiding in the forest between Tychy and [[Mikołów]],<ref>Wardzyńska, p. 119</ref> and established and operated a ''[[Polenlager]]'' [[Forced labour under German rule during World War II|forced labor]] camp for Poles in the city,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bundesarchiv.de/zwangsarbeit/haftstaetten/index.php?action=2.2&tab=7&id=100000888|title=Polenlager Tichau|website=Bundesarchiv.de|accessdate=3 June 2021|language=de}}</ref> and the E701 labor subcamp of the [[Stalag VIII-B|Stalag VIII-B/344]] [[German prisoner-of-war camps in World War II|prisoner-of-war camp]] in the present-day Czułów district.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.lamsdorf.com/working-parties.html|title=Working Parties|website=Lamsdorf: Stalag VIIIB 344 Prisoner of War Camp 1940 - 1945|access-date=14 March 2020|archive-date=20 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210120001548/https://www.lamsdorf.com/working-parties.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> The last public execution was carried out on September 22, 1944, when five members of the [[Polish resistance movement in World War II|underground Polish resistance movement]] were killed.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://umtychy.pl/102871-tychy-pomnik-ofiar-hitlerowcow-22091944|title=Pomnik ofiar hitlerowców 22.09.1944.|website=UMTychy.pl|access-date=14 March 2020|language=pl}}</ref> Tychy received minimal damage during the invasion because most of the nearby fighting took place in the [[Mikołów]]-[[Wyry]] area.<ref name="History of Tychy"/> In the final stages of the war, in 1945, a German-conducted [[Death marches during the Holocaust|death march]] of thousands of prisoners of the [[Auschwitz concentration camp]] and its [[List of subcamps of Auschwitz|subcamps]] passed through the city towards [[Gliwice]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://subcamps-auschwitz.org/death-marches/|title=The Death Marches|website=Sub Camps of Auschwitz|accessdate=27 June 2021}}</ref>

Tychy was liberated on January 28, 1945.<ref name=ety>{{cite web|url=https://www.etychy.org/historia-tychow|title=Historia Tychów|website=eTychy.org|access-date=14 March 2020|language=pl}}</ref>

===New Tychy===
The "New City" was designated by the Polish government in 1950 and deliberately located near to [[Katowice]] with the intention that it would not be a self-sustaining city. It was granted [[town rights]] in 1951.<ref name=ety/> Tychy is the largest of the so-called "[[new town]]s" in Poland and was built from 1950 to 1985, to allow for urban expansion in the southeast of the [[Upper Silesian Industrial Region|Upper Silesian industrial region]]. In the 1950s the neighbourhood ''Osiedle A'' was built, designed by Tadeusz Teodorowicz-Todorowski, and the design and planning of the next neighbourhoods was entrusted to {{interlanguage link|Kazimierz Wejchert|pl}} and his wife {{interlanguage link|Hanna Adamczewska-Wejchert|pl}}.<ref name=ety/> In the 1950s, 1960s and 1970s numerous industrial enterprises were created.<ref name=ety/> In 1951 and 1973 the city limits were greatly expanded by including [[Paprocany]] and [[Wilkowyje]] (in 1951),<ref>{{Cite Polish law|title=Rozporządzenie Prezesa Rady Ministrów z dnia 8 listopada 1950 r. w sprawie nadania ustroju miejskiego niektórym gminom w województwach: katowickim i warszawskim, gromadzie Hajnówka w województwie białostockim oraz zniesienia i zmiany granic niektórych miast i gmin w województwach katowickim i białostockim.|year=1950|volume=51|number=472}}</ref> and [[Cielmice, Tychy|Cielmice]], Urbanowice, Jaroszowice (in 1973) as new districts.<ref name=ety/> By 2006, the population had reached 132,500.

In the administrative reforms which came into effect in 1999, Tychy was made a city with the status of a [[powiat]] (city county). Between 1999 and 2002, it was also the administrative seat of (but not part of) an entity called Tychy County (''powiat tyski''), which is now known as the [[Bieruń-Lędziny County]].

[[File:Tyskie Browary Książęce.jpg|thumb|Brewery in Tychy on the right, [[Tyskie Brewing Museum]] on the left]]
The [[Tyskie Brewing Museum]] was founded in 2004, and the Municipal Museum in 2005.<ref name=ety/>