Open main menu
Home
Random
Recent changes
Special pages
Community portal
Preferences
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Incubator escapee wiki
Search
User menu
Talk
Dark mode
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Editing
Tynemouth
(section)
Warning:
You are not logged in. Your IP address will be publicly visible if you make any edits. If you
log in
or
create an account
, your edits will be attributed to your username, along with other benefits.
Anti-spam check. Do
not
fill this in!
==History== {{main|Tynemouth Priory and Castle}} [[File:Tynemouth Castle 12th September 1917.jpg|thumb|175px|left|An aerial shot of [[Tynemouth Castle]], taken in 1917, which was a major coastal fortress and the control centre of the Tyne defences, which stretched from Sunderland to Blyth.]] The headland towering over the mouth of the [[River Tyne]] has been settled since the [[Iron Age]].<ref>{{NHLE|num=1015519|desc=Tynemouth Iron Age and Romano-British settlements, monasteries, site of lighthouse, cross, motte, enclosure and artillery castles and later coastal defences|access-date=13 November 2019}}</ref> The Romans may have occupied it as a signal station, though it is just north of the [[Hadrian's Wall]] frontier (the Roman fort and supply depot of [[Arbeia]] stands almost opposite it on the southern headland of the Tyne). In the 7th century a monastery was built in Tynemouth and later fortified. The headland was known as ''Pen Bal Crag''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://roundaboutpublications.co.uk/feature/features/local-history/local-history-local-place-names-part-2/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191231123926/http://roundaboutpublications.co.uk/feature/features/local-history/local-history-local-place-names-part-2/|url-status=usurped|archive-date=31 December 2019|title=Local History: Local Place Names Part 2 β Roundabout Publications|website=roundaboutpublications.co.uk}}</ref> {{blockquote|The place where now stands the Monastery of Tynemouth was anciently called by the Saxons Benebalcrag|[[John Leland (antiquary)|John Leland]] at the time of [[Henry VIII]]}} The monastery was sacked by the Danes in 800, rebuilt, and destroyed again in 875, but by 1083 it was again operational.<ref>Pevsner, Buildings of England, Northumberland</ref> Three kings are reported to have been buried within the monastery: [[Oswine of Deira|Oswin]], King of [[Deira]] (651); [[Osred II of Northumbria|Osred II]], King of [[Northumbria]] (792); and, for a time, [[Malcolm III of Scotland|Malcolm III]], King of Scots (1093).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hodstw.org.uk/north_tyneside_history|title=Welcome to Heritage Open Days in Tyne and Wear - www.hodstw.org.uk|website=hodstw.org.uk|access-date=12 August 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160820055731/https://www.hodstw.org.uk/north_tyneside_history|archive-date=20 August 2016}}</ref> Three crowns still adorn the North Tyneside coat of arms. (North Tyneside Council, 1990). The queens of [[Edward I of England|Edward I]] and [[Edward II of England|Edward II]] stayed in the Castle and Priory while their husbands were campaigning in [[Scotland]]. [[King Edward III]] considered it to be one of the strongest castles in the Northern Marches. After the [[Battle of Bannockburn]] in 1314, Edward II fled from Tynemouth by ship. A village had long been established in the shelter of the fortified Priory, and around 1325 the prior built a port for fishing and trading. This led to a dispute between Tynemouth and the more powerful Newcastle over shipping rights on the Tyne, which continued for centuries. For more history see [[North Shields]]. [[Prince Rupert of the Rhine]] landed at Tynemouth in August 1642 on his way to fight in the [[English Civil War]].<ref>{{cite book |title=Prince Rupert: The Last Cavalier |last= Spencer|first= Charles|year=2015 |publisher=W&N |isbn= 978-0-753-82401-6 |page=55}}</ref> Tynemouth was an [[ancient parish]]. It was divided into eight [[Township (England)|townships]], being [[Chirton, Tyne and Wear|Chirton]], [[Cullercoats]], [[Monkseaton]], [[Murton, Tyne and Wear|Murton]], [[North Shields]], [[Preston, Tyne and Wear|Preston]], [[Whitley Bay|Whitley]] and a Tynemouth township covering the area around the original settlement. Such townships were also made [[civil parish]]es in 1866.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tynemouth Ancient Parish / Civil Parish |url=https://visionofbritain.org.uk/unit/10329206 |website=A Vision of Britain through Time |publisher=GB Historical GIS / University of Portsmouth |access-date=26 March 2024}}</ref> In the 19th century North Shields rapidly expanded from a small fishing village into a town, overtaking Tynemouth itself to become the largest settlement in the parish. North Shields was given [[improvement commissioners]] in 1828 to administer the growing town; the commissioners' district covered the whole of the North Shields township and parts of the Chirton, Preston and Tynemouth townships.<ref>{{cite web |title=North Shields Improvement Act 1828 |url=https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukla/Geo4/9/37/contents/enacted |website=legislation.gov.uk |publisher=The National Archives |access-date=26 March 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Northumberland Sheet LXXXIX, 1865 |url=https://maps.nls.uk/view/102346464 |website=National Library of Scotland |publisher=Ordnance Survey |access-date=26 March 2024}}</ref> In 1832 a [[parliamentary borough]] (constituency) called [[Tynemouth and North Shields (UK Parliament constituency)|Tynemouth and North Shields]] was created, covering the whole of the townships of Tynemouth, North Shields, Chirton, Cullercoats and Preston.<ref>{{cite book |title=Parliamentary Boundaries Act |date=1832 |page=353 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Uq0uAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA353 |access-date=26 March 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=First Report of the Commissioners appointed to inquire into the Municipal Corporations in England and Wales |date=1835 |page=59 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yXBTAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA59 |access-date=26 March 2024}}</ref> The same area was made a [[municipal borough]] in 1849, which was just called Tynemouth despite North Shields being the larger settlement within the borough.<ref>{{cite book |title=Kelly's Directory of Northumberland |date=1894 |location=London |page=407 |url=https://specialcollections.le.ac.uk/digital/collection/p16445coll4/id/320146/rec/5 |access-date=26 March 2024}}</ref> The first town clerk was Thomas Carr Leitch.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://artuk.org/discover/artworks/thomas-carr-lietch-1815-or-18161876-first-town-clerk-of-tynemouth-57587|title = Thomas Carr Lietch (1815 or 1816β1876), First Town Clerk of Tynemouth | Art UK}}</ref> The borough council based itself at [[Tynemouth Town Hall]] at the junction of Howard Street and Saville Street in North Shields, which had been built for the old North Shields improvement commissioners in 1844/5.<ref>{{NHLE|desc=Former North Shields Municipal Complex|num=1299975|grade=II|access-date=26 March 2024}}</ref> In 1904 the borough was elevated to become a [[county borough]], making it independent from [[Northumberland County Council]] for local government purposes, whilst remaining part of Northumberland for judicial and [[Lord-lieutenant|lieutenancy]] purposes.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tynemouth Municipal Borough / County Borough |url=https://visionofbritain.org.uk/unit/10061982#tab02 |website=A Vision of Britain through Time |publisher=GB Historical GIS / University of Portsmouth |access-date=26 March 2024}}</ref> The county borough was abolished in 1974, when the area became part of North Tyneside in the new [[metropolitan county]] of Tyne and Wear.<ref>[[Local Government Act 1972]]</ref> Tynemouth was listed in the 2018 ''Sunday Times'' report on best places to live in Northern England.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.yorkshirepost.co.uk/lifestyle/homes-and-gardens/six-yorkshire-postcodes-appear-sunday-times-best-places-live-guide-2018-321251|title=Six Yorkshire postcodes appear in Sunday Times Best Places to Live guide for 2018|website=yorkshirepost.co.uk}}</ref>
Edit summary
(Briefly describe your changes)
By publishing changes, you agree to the
Terms of Use
, and you irrevocably agree to release your contribution under the
CC BY-SA 4.0 License
and the
GFDL
. You agree that a hyperlink or URL is sufficient attribution under the Creative Commons license.
Cancel
Editing help
(opens in new window)