Editing Typecasting (section)

==Character actors==
Actors are sometimes so strongly identified with a role as to make it difficult for them to find work playing other [[character (arts)|characters]]. It is especially common among [[leading actor]]s in popular [[television show|television series]] and [[film]]s.

===''Star Trek''===
One example of typecasting occurred with the cast of the original ''[[Star Trek: The Original Series|Star Trek]]'' series. During ''Star Trek''{{'}}s original run from 1966 to 1969, [[William Shatner]] was the highest-paid cast member at $5,000 per episode (equivalent to ${{formatnum:{{Inflation|US|5000|1966|r=-3}}}} in {{inflation-year|US}}), with [[Leonard Nimoy]] and the other actors being paid much less.<ref name="rioux2005">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5JUOIKG2XcwC&q=trekkie+1975&pg=PA218|title=From Sawdust to Stardust: The Biography of DeForest Kelley, Star Trek's Dr. McCoy|last=Rioux|first=Terry Lee|year=2005|publisher= [[Simon and Schuster]] |isbn=0-7434-5762-5|pages=166–167, 297}}</ref> The press predicted that Nimoy would be a star after the series ended,<ref>{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=B7dGAAAAIBAJ&pg=3727,498929|title=Mr. Spock's Trek To Stardom|work=Warsaw Times-Union|date=December 4, 1967|agency=Newspaper Enterprise Association|via=[[Google News]]|access-date=May 7, 2011|author=Kleiner, Dick|location=Warsaw, Indiana|page=7}}</ref> and [[James Doohan]] expected that appearing on an NBC series would help his post-''Star Trek'' career.<ref name="upi19690421">{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=3a8iAAAAIBAJ&pg=4120,5103972|title='Star Trek' Ace Is Former Pilot|agency=[[United Press International]]|work=Beaver County Times|date=April 21, 1969|access-date=May 6, 2011|location=Beaver, Pennsylvania|pages=B12}}</ref> The series so typecast the actors, however—as early as March 1970, [[Nichelle Nichols]] complained of ''Star Trek'' having "defined [her] so narrowly as an actress",<ref>{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=WWtkAAAAIBAJ&pg=1085,4768770 | title=Star Trek Player Nichelle Nichols Performing Here Tonight, Saturday|work=Calgary Herald|date=1970-03-13|access-date=May 7, 2011 | last=Leney |first=Peter | page=28}}</ref> and Doohan said in 1976 that even producers he worked for before ''Star Trek'' now told his agent "I don't want a Scotsman"<ref name="tomorrow19760204">{{Cite AV media |url=http://www.tvparty.com/70-star-trek.html |title=Star Trek cast on Tom Snyder's Tomorrow, 1976 |type=Television production |orig-date=1976-02-04 |series=Tomorrow |access-date=2024-03-15 |via=YouTube}}</ref>—that only Shatner and Nimoy continued working steadily throughout the 1970s, and even their work received little attention unless it was ''Star Trek''-related.{{r|michaels19781210}}

[[Walter Koenig]] in 1976 noted the disparity between the adulation from [[Trekkies]] at [[Science fiction convention|''Star Trek'' conventions]] and his obscurity in Hollywood.{{r|tomorrow19760204}} [[residual (entertainment industry)|Residuals]] from the series ended in 1971;{{r|tomorrow19760204}}<ref name="wigler19850606">{{cite web|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1291&dat=19850606&id=b0pUAAAAIBAJ&pg=7087,1658629|title='Trekkers' keeping TV series out of this World|work=Boca Raton News|date=June 6, 1985|access-date=December 16, 2014|last=Wigler|first= Stephen|pages=4B}}</ref> Koenig, Doohan, and [[DeForest Kelley]] discussed the paradox of starring in what Kelley described as "the most popular series in the world" because of [[rerun]]s, but "not getting paid for it".{{r|tomorrow19760204}} Cast members' income came mostly from personal appearances at conventions; by 1978 Kelley, for example, earned up to $50,000 (equivalent to ${{formatnum:{{Inflation|US|50000|1978|r=-3}}}} in {{inflation-year|US}}) annually.<ref name="michaels19781210">{{Cite news |last=Michaels |first=Marguerite |date=December 10, 1978|title=A Visit to Star Trek's Movie Launch |pages=4–7|work=[[Parade (magazine)|Parade]]|url=https://trekkerscrapbook.com/2013/04/23/the-daily-scrapbook-parade-magazine-cover-december-10-1978/ |access-date=June 1, 2022}}</ref> In 1979, the first of [[Star Trek (film series)|six films]] starring the cast appeared; Kelley earned $1 million for the final film, ''[[Star Trek VI: The Undiscovered Country]]'' (1991).{{r|rioux2005}}

''Parade'' stated of the cast, "They are 'stars' only in the world of ''Star Trek'' ... [They] lost control of their destinies the minute they stepped on the bridge of the make-believe ''[[USS Enterprise (NCC-1701)|Enterprise]]'' in 1966",<ref name="michaels19781210"/> and ''[[The New York Times]]'' observed in 1991 that "For most of the actors in the original "Star Trek" series, [[Starfleet]] has never been far off the professional horizons." Being identified so closely with one role<ref name="marriott19910915">{{cite news | url=https://www.nytimes.com/1991/09/15/arts/tv-view-the-star-trek-curse-a-lifetime-starfleet-commission.html?pagewanted=all&src=pm | title=TV VIEW; THE 'STAR TREK' CURSE: A LIFETIME STARFLEET COMMISSION | work= [[The New York Times]] | date=1991-09-15 | access-date=May 3, 2011 | author=Marriott, Michael}}</ref> left the series' cast with mixed emotions; Shatner called it "awesome and irksome". Koenig called it "bittersweet ... People are interested in Chekov, not me", but admitted that there was "a certain immortality in being associated with ''Star Trek''".{{r|michaels19781210}} Doohan said that being part of a "classic" was "beautiful. Your great-grandchildren will still be seeing ''Star Trek''".{{r|tomorrow19760204}}

Some of the ''Next Generation'' actors also became typecast. [[Patrick Stewart]] recalled that a "distinguished Hollywood director I wanted to work for said to me 'Why would I want Captain Picard in my movie?' That was painful".<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.portsmouth.co.uk/what-s-on/patrick-stewart-can-t-wait-for-chichester-role-1-1249400 | title=Patrick Stewart can't wait for Chichester role | work=Portsmouth News | date=2010-04-13 | access-date=1 April 2016}}</ref> His most prominent non-''Star Trek'' film or television role, [[Charles Xavier (film character)|Professor X]] in the [[X-Men (film series)|''X-Men'' film series]], shares similarities to [[Jean-Luc Picard]]. Stewart has stated "I don't have a film career. I have a [[media franchise|franchise]] career"; he continues to work on stage as a Shakespearean actor.<ref name="appleyard20071104">{{cite news | publisher = News Corp. | url=http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/stage/theatre/article2785374.ece | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080511195800/http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/stage/theatre/article2785374.ece | archive-date=2008-05-11 | title=Patrick Stewart: Keep on Trekkin' | work=The Sunday Times | date=2007-11-04 | access-date=April 27, 2011 | author=Appleyard, Bryan}}</ref> ''[[Star Trek: The Next Generation|The Next Generation]]'' had one of the largest budgets of its time,<ref>{{cite book | title=Entertainment Industry Economics: A Guide for Financial Analysis | publisher=Cambridge University Press | author=Vogel, Harold L. | year=2007 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zjHg5j0CsEoC&pg=PA222 | page=222 | isbn=978-0-521-87485-4}}</ref> and the cast became very wealthy.<ref name="appleyard20071104"/><ref>{{cite news | url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=UlhPAAAAIBAJ&pg=5604%2C1577738 | title=In Step With: Patrick Stewart | work=Parade | date=1992-04-05 | access-date=April 28, 2011 | author=Brady, James | page=21}}</ref> [[Jonathan Frakes]] stated that "it's better to be type-cast than not to be cast at all."<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/cult/st/interviews/frakes/printpage.html | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20011115185829/http://www.bbc.co.uk/cult/st/interviews/frakes/printpage.html | archive-date=2001-11-15 | title=Jonathan Frakes - The Next Generation's Number One, Will Riker, and Trek director | publisher=BBC | access-date=May 7, 2011}}</ref> [[Michael Dorn]] said in 1991, "If what happened to the first cast is called being typecast, then I want to be typecast. Of course, they didn't get the jobs after 'Trek.' But they are making their sixth movie. Name me someone else in television who has made ''six'' movies!"<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1991-05-05-tm-2100-story.html | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151106201722/http://articles.latimes.com/print/1991-05-05/magazine/tm-2100_1_star-trek | archive-date=2015-11-06 | title=How Gene Roddenberry and his Brain Trust Have Boldly Taken 'Star Trek' Where No TV Series Has Gone Before : Trekking to the Top | work=Los Angeles Times | date=1991-05-05 | page=16 | access-date=April 27, 2011 | last=Teitelbaum |first= Sheldon | url-status=live }}</ref>

===Other examples===
[[John Larroquette]] said that after winning [[Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Comedy Series|four consecutive Emmy Awards]], "it was 10 years after ''[[Night Court]]'' ended before I got a role as a dad. Because [[Dan Fielding]] was such a bizarre character, he had made such an impression, that typecasting does happen. Every role was some sleazy lawyer or some sleazy this or some sleazy that."<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.avclub.com/articles/john-larroquette,2331/ | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091219164545/http://www.avclub.com/articles/john-larroquette,2331/ | url-status=dead | archive-date=December 19, 2009 | title=Random Roles: John Larroquette | work=[[The A.V. Club]]| date=2008-06-05 | access-date=September 25, 2012 | last=Rabin |first= Nathan |author-link=Nathan Rabin }}</ref> During his years on the comedy ''[[Married... with Children]]'', [[Ed O'Neill]]'s scenes were cut from the film drama ''[[Flight of the Intruder]]'' (1991) after a test audience laughed when he was on the screen.<ref name="porter1995">{{cite news | url=http://theoccasionalcritic.blogspot.com/2012/12/ed-oneill-july-1995.html | work=Standard-Examiner | date=July 1995 | access-date=March 25, 2013 | author=Porter, Donald | location=Ogden, Utah | title=Ed O'Neill, July 1995}}</ref>

[[Jon Hamm]] stated that after the success of ''[[Mad Men]]'', he received "about 40 scripts that were all set in the 60s, or had me playing advertising guys" like his character [[Don Draper]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Brooks|first=Xan|title=Mad Men's Jon Hamm is the talk of The Town|url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2010/sep/09/jon-hamm-the-town|access-date=September 14, 2010|work=The Guardian |location=UK|date=September 9, 2010}}</ref>

[[Clayton Moore]], who played the [[Lone Ranger]] in the [[Golden Age of Television]], embraced his typecasting, stating that he had "fallen in love" with the character of Lone Ranger, and regularly appeared in public in character, to the point that [[Jack Wrather]], who owned the character, issued a [[cease and desist order]] to Moore in 1979. The dispute was dropped in 1984 and Moore resumed his appearances.<ref>{{cite news|title= Who's That Masked Man? Hi-Yo-It's Clayton Moore!|work=Los Angeles Times|date=1985-01-15|url= https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1985-01-15-mn-7324-story.html|access-date=2010-11-01}}</ref> In a similar case, [[Alan Hale Jr.]] parlayed his fame as [[The Skipper|Skipper Jonas Grumby]] on ''[[Gilligan's Island]]'' into a seafood restaurant and a travel agency that offered three-hour boat tours.<ref name="latimes">{{cite news|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1990-01-04-mn-92-story.html|title=Alan Hale Jr., 68; Skipper on TV's 'Gilligan's Island'|last=Lee|first=John H.|date=January 4, 1990|work=Los Angeles Times|access-date=December 15, 2012}}</ref>

Jonathan Frakes' sentiments about typecasting were echoed by [[Ben McKenzie]], who became a star in the role of [[Ryan Atwood]] in ''[[The O.C.]]'' at age 24, after two years of seeking acting work in New York City and Los Angeles. Eleven years later, after starring in two more television series playing what ''The New York Times'' described as a "quiet, guarded leading man", McKenzie said that "if you are being stereotyped, that means you have something to stereotype. So they're casting you. That is an amazing thing. That is a gift. Worry about being pigeonholed in your 50s."<ref name="hale20141123">{{cite news | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/11/23/arts/television/ben-mckenzie-returns-to-new-york-for-gotham.html | title=Sometimes, Old-Fashioned Pays Off | work=The New York Times | date=2014-11-23 | access-date=18 January 2015 | author=Hale, Mike | pages=AR19}}</ref>

[[Daniel Radcliffe]] was cast as [[Harry Potter (character)|Harry Potter]] at age eleven, playing the character over ten years in an [[Harry Potter (film series)|eight-film franchise]]. Radcliffe was thus faced with two transitions: moving from child actor to adult star and moving from being typecast as Potter to playing other roles. His career following the ''Harry Potter'' franchise has included appearing on stage, as in [[Martin McDonagh]]'s ''[[The Cripple of Inishmaan]]''; in independent films such as ''[[Kill Your Darlings (2013 film)|Kill Your Darlings]]'', in which he played [[Allen Ginsberg]]; and major studio films like ''[[Victor Frankenstein (film)|Victor Frankenstein]]'', in which he played the hunchback [[Igor (character)|Igor]], and romantic comedies like ''[[The F Word (2013 film)|The F Word]]'' (released in some countries as ''[[The F Word (2013 film)|What If?]]'').
<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://variety.com/2014/film/news/radcliffe-says-he-wont-play-potter-again-1201271538/|title=How Daniel Radcliffe Killed Harry Potter and Found 'What If'|last=Setoodeh|first=Ramin|date=July 30, 2014|work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|access-date=9 February 2021}}</ref>

[[Peter Robbins (actor)|Peter Robbins]] largely left acting after aging out of his most famous role, the voice of [[Charlie Brown]]. He retained a strong affection for the role throughout his life, including having a tattoo of the character.<ref name=robbinsdeath>{{cite news|url=https://fox5sandiego.com/entertainment/charlie-brown-voice-actor-dies-at-65/|title='Charlie Brown' voice actor dies at 65|first=Phil|last=Blauer|publisher=Fox 5 San Diego|date=January 25, 2022|access-date=January 25, 2022}}</ref>

===Historical-real characters===
Soviet actor [[Mikheil Gelovani]] depicted [[Joseph Stalin]] in 12 films made during the leader's lifetime, which reflected his [[cult of personality]]. Among them were ''[[The Great Dawn]]'' (1938), ''[[Lenin in 1918]]'' (1939), ''[[The Vow (1946 film)|The Vow]]'' (1946), ''[[The Fall of Berlin (film)|The Fall of Berlin]]'' (1950) and ''[[The Unforgettable Year 1919 (film)|The Unforgettable Year 1919]]'' (1952). These films were either banned or had the scenes featuring Stalin removed after the 1956 [[Secret Speech]]. Following Stalin's death, Gelovani was denied new roles since he was so closely identified with Stalin.<ref>{{cite journal |journal=Soviet Film|date=September 1989|volume=9|pages=16–17|title=Mikhail Gelovani: One-Role Actor|author= A. Bernstein |issn=0201-8373 }}</ref> According to ''The Guinness Book of Movie Facts and Feats'', Gelovani had probably portrayed the same historical figure more than any other actor.<ref>{{cite book |first=Patrick|last=Robertson|title=The Guinness Book of Movie Facts & Feats|year=1991|publisher=Abbeville Press|isbn=9781558592360 }}. Page 105.</ref> ''[[Die Zeit]]'' columnist Andreas Kilb wrote that he ended his life "a pitiful ''[[Kagemusha]]''" of Stalin's image.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.zeit.de/1991/39/die-meister-des-abgesangs|title=Die Meister des Abgesangs|trans-title=The Masters of the Swan Song| language =de |first=Andreas|last=Kilb |date=20 September 1991|publisher=[[Die Zeit]]|work=zeit.de|access-date=19 September 2011}}</ref>

[[Vaughn Meader]] is another example, as he depicted President [[John F. Kennedy]] in the 1962 comedy record ''[[The First Family (album)|The First Family]]''. Meader's career success came to an abrupt end after President Kennedy's [[Assassination of John F. Kennedy|assassination]] on November 22, 1963. Meader's TV and nightclub bookings were all canceled. His career never rebounded as he was too closely associated with President Kennedy and his attempts to criticize his typecasting also led to his [[Hollywood blacklist|indirect blacklisting]].<ref>[http://mentalfloss.com/article/66030/surprising-story-famed-jfk-impersonator-vaughn-meader-and-why-youve-never-heard-him The Surprising Story of Famed JFK Impersonator Vaughn Meader (and Why You've Never Heard of Him)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170515200915/http://mentalfloss.com/article/66030/surprising-story-famed-jfk-impersonator-vaughn-meader-and-why-youve-never-heard-him |date=May 15, 2017 }} Mental Floss. Retrieved January 23, 2019.</ref>