Editing Ullr (section)

== Name and origin ==
The [[Old Norse]] [[theonym]] ''Ullr'' derives from a [[Proto-Germanic]] (PGmc) form reconstructed as ''*Wulþuz'' ('Glory'), which is attested in the [[Compound (linguistics)|compound]] ''owlþu-þewaz'' (ᛟᚹᛚᚦᚢᚦᛖᚹᚨᛉ), meaning either 'servant of ''Owlþuz''<nowiki/>' (if interpreted as a theonym), or 'who has glorious servants' (if interpreted as an adjective), found on the [[Thorsberg chape]] (3rd c. AD). It is a [[cognate]] (linguistic sibling from the same origin) of the [[Gothic language|Gothic]] noun ''wulþus'' ('glory, wealth').{{Sfn|de Vries|1962|p=633}}{{Sfn|Orel|2003|p=474}}{{Sfn|Kroonen|2013|p=599}} They ultimately derive from the [[Proto-Indo-European]] (PIE) noun *''wul-tus'' ('sight, gaze, appearance'), itself from the root *''wel''- ('to see').{{Sfn|Orel|2003|p=474}}{{Sfn|Kroonen|2013|p=599}}

The PGmc term ''*wulþuz'' is an exact cognate of the Latin ''vultus'', meaning 'facial expression, appearance'; it is further related, in Celtic languages, to the [[Old Irish]] ''[[Filí|filed]]'' ('seer, poet'), the [[Middle Welsh]] ''gwelet'' ('to see'), and the [[Middle Breton]] ''guelet'' ('sight'), all derived from a [[Proto-Celtic]] stem *''wel-ēt-''.{{Sfn|de Vries|1962|p=633}}{{Sfn|Matasović|2009|p=412}}{{Sfn|Kroonen|2013|p=599}} The development from PIE *''wul-tus'' to Gothic ''wulþus'' shows a [[semantic shift]] from 'sight, appearance' to 'glory, wealth', similarly evidenced in [[Croatian language|Croatian]] in the relationship between ''ugled'' ('respect') and ''gledati'' ('see').{{Sfn|Matasović|2009|p=412}}

The stem *''wulþ-'' can also be found in some Germanic personal names, including [[Old English]] ''Wuldwine'', Old High German ''Wuldberth'', ''Wuldhart'', ''Wuldrât'', and Gothic ''Wulþuwulfs'', but as a [[substantive]] meaning 'glory', rather than as the name of the god.{{Sfn|de Vries|1962|p=633}} The Old English noun ''wuldor'' ('glory') stems from a related PGmc term reconstructed as *''wuldraz'' (itself from PIE *''wul-trós'')''.{{Sfn|Kroonen|2013|p=599}}'' Although not used as a proper name, ''wuldor'' occurs frequently in [[Names of God in Old English poetry|names for the Christian God]] in Anglo-Saxon literature, such as ''wuldres cyning'' ('king of glory'), ''wuldorfæder'' ('glory-father'), and ''wuldor alwealda'' ('glorious all-ruler').<ref>"in phrases denoting the Deity", "wuldor", ''An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary: based on the manuscript collections by the late Joseph Bosworth'', ed. and enlarged by T. Northcote Toller. [1898] Oxford: Oxford University Press, repr. 1973. {{ISBN|0-19-863101-4}}.</ref>

The related Old Norse form ''Ullinn'' was most likely originally connected to ''Ullr'' (as in the doublet ''[[Óðr]]–[[Óðinn]]''), philologist [[Jan de Vries (philologist)|Jan de Vries]] suggesting that the god of rage Óðr–Óðinn stood in opposition to the god of glorious majesty Ullr–Ullinn in a similar manner to the Vedic contrast between [[Varuna]] and [[Mitra]].{{Sfn|de Vries|1970b|p=104}}