Editing Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz (section)

==Early life==
Umar was likely born in [[Medina]] around 680.{{sfn|Wellhausen|1927|p=267}}{{sfn|Cobb|2000|p=821}} His father, [[Abd al-Aziz ibn Marwan]], belonged to the wealthy [[Umayyad dynasty|Umayyad]] clan resident in the city, while his mother, [[Layla bint Asim]], was a granddaughter of the second [[Rashidun]] caliph [[Umar]] ({{reign|634|644}}).{{sfn|Cobb|2000|pp=821–822}} His lineage from the much-respected Caliph Umar would later be much emphasized by historians to differentiate him from the other Umayyad rulers.{{sfn|Wellhausen|1927|p=267}}

At the time of his birth, another branch of the Umayyads, the [[Sufyanids]], ruled from their capital [[Damascus]]. When the reigning Caliph [[Yazid I]] ({{Reign|680|683}}) and his son and successor, [[Mu'awiya II]] ({{Reign|683|684}}), died in quick succession in 683 and 684, respectively, Umayyad authority collapsed across the Caliphate and the Umayyads of the [[Hejaz]], including Medina, were expelled by supporters of the rival caliph, the [[Mecca]]-based [[Abd Allah ibn al-Zubayr]] ({{Reign|683|692}}). The Umayyad exiles took refuge in Syria, where loyalist Arab tribes supported the dynasty. Umar's grandfather, [[Marwan I]] ({{Reign|684|685}}), was ultimately recognized by these tribes as caliph and, with their support, reasserted Umayyad rule in Syria.{{sfn|Kennedy|2004|pp=90–91}}

In 685, Marwan ousted Ibn al-Zubayr's governor from [[Egypt]] and appointed Umar's father to the province.{{sfn|Kennedy|2004|pp=92–93}} Umar spent part of his childhood in Egypt, particularly in [[Helwan|Hulwan]], which had become the seat of his father's governorship between 686 and his death in 705.{{sfn|Cobb|2000|p=821}} He received his education in Medina, however,{{sfn|Cobb|2000|p=821}} which was retaken by the Umayyads under Umar's paternal uncle, Caliph [[Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan|Abd al-Malik]] ({{reign|685|705}}), in 692.{{sfn|Kennedy|2004|p=98}} Having spent much of his youth in Medina, Umar developed ties with the city's pious men and transmitters of [[hadith]]s.{{sfn|Cobb|2000|p=821}} Following the death of Umar's father, Abd al-Malik recalled Umar to Damascus, where he arranged Umar's marriage to his daughter, Fatima.{{sfn|Cobb|2000|p=821}} Umar had two other wives: his maternal cousin Umm Shu'ayb or Umm Uthman, the daughter of Shu'ayb or Sa'id ibn Zabban of the [[Banu Kalb]] tribe, and Lamis bint Ali of the [[Balharith]]. From his wives he had seven known children, as well as seven other children from [[umm walad|concubine]]s.{{sfn|Marsham|2022|p=41}}