Editing Unas (section)

==Attestations==

===Historical sources===
Unas is well attested by historical sources with three ancient Egyptian king lists dating to the [[New Kingdom of Egypt|New Kingdom]] period mentioning him.{{sfn|Baker|2008|pp=482–483}} He occupies the 33rd entry of the [[Abydos King List]], which was written during the reign of [[Seti I]] (1290–1279 BC). Unas' name is also present on the [[Saqqara Tablet]] (32nd entry){{sfn|Mariette|1864|p=15}} and on the [[Turin King List|Turin canon]] (third column, 25th row), both of which were written during the reign of [[Ramses II]] (1279–1213 BC).{{sfn|Baker|2008|pp=482–483}} The Turin canon further credits Unas with 30 years of reign.{{sfn|Baker|2008|pp=482–483}}{{sfn|Gardiner|1959|loc=pl. II & Col. III num. 25}} These sources all place Unas as the ninth and final ruler of the Fifth Dynasty, succeeding [[Djedkare Isesi]] and preceding [[Teti]] on the throne.{{sfn|von Beckerath|1999|pp=60&ndash;61|loc=king no. 9}} This relative chronology is corroborated by archaeological evidence, for example in the tomb of officials serving under these kings.{{sfn|Kanawati|2001|pp=1&ndash;2}}

In addition to these sources, Unas was also likely mentioned in the ''[[Manetho#Aegyptiaca|Aegyptiaca]]'', a history of Egypt written in the 3rd century BC during the reign of [[Ptolemy II]] (283–246 BC) by the Egyptian priest [[Manetho]]. No copies of the ''Aegyptiaca'' have survived to this day and it is known to us only through later writings by [[Sextus Julius Africanus]] and [[Eusebius]]. Africanus relates that the ''Aegyptiaca'' mentioned a pharaoh "Onnos" reigning for 33 years at the end of the Fifth Dynasty. Onnos is believed to be the [[Hellenization|hellenized]] form for Unas, and Africanus' 33-year figure fits well with the 30 years of reign given to Unas on the Turin canon.{{sfn|Baker|2008|pp=482–483}}

===Contemporaneous sources===
[[File:Alabaster globular vase of Unas (Louvre) 032007 27 det.jpg|thumb|right|200px|[[Alabaster]] globular vase of Unas, Louvre{{sfn|Ziegler in Allen ''et al.''|1999|pp=361–362|loc="123. Jar inscribed with the name of king Unis"}}|alt=A yellow spherical jar inscribed with a falcon wrapping around the circumference.]]
The primary contemporaneous sources attesting to Unas' activities are the many reliefs from his [[Pyramid of Unas|pyramid complex]]. Excluding these, surprisingly few documents dating to Unas' reign have survived to this day, considering the 30-year length that later records give for his reign. Excavations at [[Abusir]], the royal necropolis of the Fifth Dynasty, have produced only four dated inscriptions safely attributable to Unas. They explicitly mention his third, fourth, sixth and eighth years on the throne.{{sfn|Verner|2001a|pp=410&ndash;411}} Unas also left a rock inscription on the island of [[Elephantine]], next to the [[Cataracts of the Nile|First Cataract]] of the Nile in [[Nubia]].{{sfn|Petrie|1907|p=84 & fig. 49 p. 82}}

In addition, several alabaster vases bearing Unas' cartouche are known. A complete vessel and additional fragments originating from [[Byblos]]{{sfn|Baker|2008|p=482}} on the Levantine coast are now in the [[National Museum of Beirut]].{{sfn|Porter|Moss|Burney|1951|p=390}} A vase of unknown provenance is located in the [[National Archaeological Museum (Florence)|National Archaeological Museum]] of [[Florence]] and reads "Horus Wadjtawy, living eternally, king of Upper and Lower Egypt, son of Ra, Unas, living eternally".{{sfn|Guidotti|1991|p=82|loc=no. 18}}{{sfn|Vase of Unas|2015}}{{efn|group=lower-alpha|Inventory number 3253.{{sfn|Touring Club Italiano|1993|p=352}}}} Another vessel, of unknown origins, is on display at the [[Louvre Museum]]. It is a {{convert|17|cm|in|adj=mid|-tall}}, {{convert|13.2|cm|in|adj=mid|-wide}} globular alabaster vase finely decorated with a falcon with outstretched wings and two [[uraei]], or rearing cobras, holding ankh signs surrounding Unas' cartouche.{{sfn|Ziegler in Allen ''et al.''|1999|pp=361–362|loc="123. Jar inscribed with the name of king Unis"}} An ointment jar bearing Unas' cartouche and Horus name is in the [[Brooklyn Museum]].{{sfn|Brooklyn Museum Catalog|2015}} Finally, a fragment of a calcite vase rim bearing two cartouches of Unas is on display in the [[Petrie Museum]].{{sfn|Brunton|2015}}{{efn|group=lower-alpha|Reference number UC13258.{{sfn|Digital Egypt|2000}}}}