Editing Undulator (section)

==History==
The Russian physicist [[Vitaly Ginzburg]] showed theoretically that undulators could be built in a 1947 paper.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Ginsburg |first1=Vitaly Lazarevich |title=ОБ ИЗЛУЧЕНИИ МИКРОРАДИОВОЛН И ИХ ПОГЛОЩЕНИИ В ВОЗДУХЕ |journal=Izv. AN USSR ser. phys. |date=1947 |volume=T. XI No.2 |pages=(pp. 165–182) |url=https://www.cia.gov/readingroom/document/cia-rdp80-00809a000600340656-6 |access-date=22 September 2024 |trans-title=On the emission of microradiowaves and their absorption in the air |publisher=USSR Academy of Sciences |language=Russian |issn=0367-6765}}</ref> [[Julian Schwinger]] published a useful paper in 1949<ref name="js">{{cite journal |last1= Schwinger |first1= Julian |title= On the Classical Radiation of Accelerated Electrons |doi= 10.1103/PhysRev.75.1912 |journal= Physical Review |volume= 75 |issue= 12 |pages= 1912 |year= 1949 |bibcode= 1949PhRv...75.1912S}}</ref> that reduced the necessary calculations to [[Bessel function]]s, for which there were tables. This was significant for solving the design equations as digital computers were not available to most academics at that time.

[[Hans Motz]] and his coworkers at [[Stanford University]] demonstrated the first undulator in 1952.<ref>{{cite journal |last1= Motz |first1= Hans |title= Applications of the Radiation from Fast Electron Beams |doi= 10.1063/1.1700002 |journal= Journal of Applied Physics |volume= 22 |issue= 5 |pages= 527 |year= 1951 |bibcode= 1951JAP....22..527M}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1= Motz |first1= H. |last2= Thon |first2= W. |last3= Whitehurst |first3= R. N. |doi= 10.1063/1.1721389 |title= Experiments on Radiation by Fast Electron Beams |journal= Journal of Applied Physics |volume= 24 |issue= 7 |pages= 826 |year= 1953 |bibcode= 1953JAP....24..826M}}</ref> It produced the first manmade coherent infrared radiation. The design could produce a total frequency range from visible light down to [[extremely high frequency|millimeter waves]].