Editing Universal Japanese Motorcycle (section)

== History ==
A defining example of the type,<ref name="lightning2">{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/05/29/automobiles/autoreviews/29HONDA.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0|title=You Meet the Nicest Sportbikes in the 250cc Neighborhood|last=Ford|first=Dexter|date=May 27, 2011|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> the [[Honda CB750]], was introduced in 1969 with an engine based on technology Honda had developed in [[Grand Prix motorcycle racing|Grand Prix]] racing.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://silodrome.com/brief-history-ujm-universal-japanese-motorcycle/|title=A Brief History of the UJM - The Universal Japanese Motorcycle|last=Branch|first=Ben|date=2016-12-20|website=Silodrome|language=en-US|access-date=2019-01-05}}</ref> Compared to the British and American models that then dominated the market, it had better performance and reliability, was better equipped, and yet was much cheaper. It revolutionized the industry both in America and abroad,<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Q473NKddjnAC&pg=PA206|title=Japan's Motorcycle Wars: An Industry History|last=Alexander|first=Jeffrey W.|date=2009-01-01|publisher=UBC Press|isbn=9780774858441|language=en}}</ref> and sales in America immediately overtook those of big bikes from established brands like [[Birmingham Small Arms Company|BSA]] and [[Triumph Engineering|Triumph]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.motorcyclistonline.com/blogs/dick-manns-1970-daytona-200-victory-mann-machine|title=Dick Mann's 1970 Daytona 200 Victory {{!}} Mann & Machine|website=Motorcyclist|language=en|access-date=2019-01-06}}</ref>

The CB750's first Japanese competitor was the [[Kawasaki Z1]] in 1972.<ref name=":0" /> It was followed in 1976 by the [[Suzuki GS series|Suzuki GS750]] and  by the [[Yamaha XS Eleven]] in 1978. These manufacturers all produced smaller versions of the same UJM formula, including, for example, the [[Honda CB500 Four|Honda CB500]] of 1971.<ref name=":0" /> By 1979 [[Harley-Davidson]]'s big bike sales were down 90%.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.strategosinc.com/harley-davidson.htm|title=Harley Davidson 1971 Crises ...{Strategos}|website=www.strategosinc.com|access-date=2019-01-06}}</ref>

The first Japanese vehicle  manufacturing plant in America opened in 1975 to produce the UJM [[Kawasaki KZ400]].<ref name="kz400">{{cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SfcDAAAAMBAJ&dq=universal+japanese+motorcycle%22&pg=PT14|title=20 Years in America|last1=Young|first1=Roger T.|date=August 1994|publisher=American Motorcyclist|page=30|access-date=3 January 2019}}</ref> Until then the bikes had been imported from Japan.

The term UJM appeared as early as 1976 in a [[Cycle (magazine)|Cycle]] magazine review of the [[Kawasaki Z650]].<ref name="gear">{{cite web|url=https://gearpatrol.com/2015/12/22/history-honda-cb750-universal-japanese-motorcycle/|title=The Dawn of the Japanese Sport Bike|last1=Connor|first1=Andrew|website=Gear Patrol|access-date=3 January 2019}}</ref> The term "universal" arose from the fact that during the 1970s, the Japanese "big four" ([[Honda]], [[Kawasaki motorcycles|Kawasaki]], [[Suzuki]], and [[Yamaha Motor Corporation|Yamaha]])<ref name="Hetrick2">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=95f1-fanCVIC&dq=universal+japanese+motorcycle%22&pg=PP8|title=Sport Bikes (Full Throttle)|last=Hetrick|first=Hans|date=2010|publisher=Edge Books, Capstone Press|isbn=978-1429647519|page=12}}</ref> all produced very similar designs.<ref name="Walker2006b">{{Citation|last=Walker|first=Mick|title=Motorcycle: Evolution, Design, Passion|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AHSlknpjrgAC&pg=PA150|page=150|year=2006|publisher=JHU Press|isbn=978-0-8018-8530-3|author-link=Mick Walker (motorcycling)}}</ref>

The UJM was a general-purpose road bike, and the style went into decline in the early to mid 1980s<ref name=":0" /> with the segmentation of the market and the development of niche products,<ref name="Frank2003b">{{Citation|last=Frank|first=Aaron|title=Honda Motorcycles|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CSxTaoGagKoC&pg=PA92|page=92|year=2003|publisher=MotorBooks/MBI Publishing Company|isbn=978-0-7603-1077-9|access-date=2010-02-20}}</ref> such as [[sport bike|sport]], [[Dual-sport motorcycle|dual-sport]], [[Touring motorcycle|touring]], [[Sport touring motorcycle|sport touring]], [[café racer]]s, and [[Cruiser (motorcycle)|cruiser]]s. Honda sold about 400,000 CB750s, and the model run ended in 2003 with the [[Honda Nighthawk|Nighthawk]].

There have been several market revivals led by increased demand for simplified standard general purpose,<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tmQgmYD8rSwC&q=Universal+Japanese+Motorcycle |title=Motorcycle Handbook|last1=Maher|first1=Kevin|last2=Greisler|first2=Ben|date=1998|publisher=Haynes Publishing Group|isbn=9780801990991|language=en}}</ref> or naked<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EMNOCQAAQBAJ&dq=universal+japanese+motorcycle&pg=PA8 |title=How to rebuild and restore classic Japanese motorcycles|last1=Young|first1=Sid|date=2015|publisher=motorbooks|isbn=978-0-7603-4797-3|location=USA|page=8|access-date=4 January 2019}}</ref> bikes and has led Japanese manufacturers to introduce modern interpretations of the UJM; first in the early 1990s with the [[Honda CB750 and CR750|Honda CB750 RC42]] and [[Honda CB1000|CB1000]], [https://ridermagazine.com/2013/12/03/retrospective-suzuki-gsx1100g-1991-1993/ Suzuki GS1100G] and [[Suzuki VX 800|VX800]], the [[Kawasaki Zephyr|Kawasaki Zephyr Series]], and Yamaha continuing to sell its [[Yamaha SR400 & SR500|SR Series]]. Recently, revival efforts have included the [[Honda CB1100]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://thekneeslider.com/honda-brings-back-the-past-with-the-2013-cb1100-a-cb750-all-grown-up|title=Honda Brings Back the Past with the 2013 CB1100 – a CB750 All Grown Up|website=thekneeslider.com}}</ref> [[Honda SCL500]], [[Suzuki TU250|Suzuki TU250X]],<ref name="ujm motorcycle" /> [[Suzuki GD110]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://insideracing.com.ph/suzuki-gd-110-charming-comfortable-and-able-commuter/|title=Suzuki GD 110 – Charming, comfortable and able commuter|website=insideracing.com|language=en|access-date=2019-06-27}}</ref> the [[Kawasaki W800]] and the [[Yamaha SR400]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.motorcyclistonline.com/reviews/2015-yamaha-sr400-first-ride|title=2015 Yamaha SR400 {{!}} FIRST RIDE|website=Motorcyclist|language=en|access-date=2019-01-06}}</ref>