Editing University of Glasgow (section)

==History==

The University of Glasgow was founded in 1451 by a charter or [[papal bull]] from [[Pope Nicholas V]], at the suggestion of [[James II of Scotland|King James II]], giving Bishop [[William Turnbull (bishop)|William Turnbull]], a graduate of the [[University of St Andrews]], permission to add a university to the city's Cathedral.<ref>[http://www.archives.gla.ac.uk/about/publish/histcon.pdf University of Glasgow – Who, Where and When]. Retrieved 22 April 2006 {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060327001623/http://www.archives.gla.ac.uk/about/publish/histcon.pdf |date=27 March 2006 }}</ref> It is the second-oldest university in Scotland after St Andrews and the fourth-oldest in the English-speaking world. The universities of St Andrews, Glasgow, and [[University of Aberdeen|Aberdeen]] were ecclesiastical foundations, while [[University of Edinburgh|Edinburgh]] was a civic foundation. As one of the ancient universities of the United Kingdom, Glasgow is one of only eight institutions to award undergraduate master's degrees in certain disciplines.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://uniserveducation.com/tz/university-of-glasgow/|title=University of Glasgow|date=12 January 2016|website=Uniserv Education|language=en-US|access-date=4 August 2019|archive-date=27 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191027085850/https://uniserveducation.com/tz/university-of-glasgow/|url-status=dead}}</ref>

The university has been without its original Bull since the mid-sixteenth century. In 1560, during the political unrest accompanying the [[Scottish Reformation]], the then chancellor, Archbishop [[James Beaton II|James Beaton]], a supporter of the [[Mary, Queen of Scots|Marian cause]], fled to France. He took with him, for safe-keeping, many of the archives and valuables of the cathedral and the university, including the Mace and the Bull. Although the Mace was sent back in 1590, the archives were not. Principal James Fall told the Parliamentary Commissioners of Visitation on 28 August 1690, that he had seen the Bull at the Scots College in Paris, together with the many charters granted to the university by the monarchs of Scotland from [[James II of Scotland|James II]] to [[Mary, Queen of Scots]]. The university enquired of these documents in 1738 but was informed by [[Thomas Innes (historian)|Thomas Innes]] and the superiors of the [[Scots College (Paris)|Scots College]] that the original records of the foundation of the university were not to be found. If they had not been lost by this time, they certainly went astray during the [[French Revolution]] when the Scots College was under threat. Its records and valuables were moved for safe-keeping out of the city of Paris. The Bull remains the authority by which the university awards degrees.

Teaching at the university began in the Chapter House of [[Glasgow Cathedral]], subsequently moving to nearby [[Rottenrow]], in a building known as the "Auld Pedagogy". The university was given {{Cvt|13|acre}} of land belonging to the Black Friars (Dominicans) on [[High Street, Glasgow|High Street]] by Mary, Queen of Scots, in 1563.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.universitystory.gla.ac.uk/biography/?id=WH0172&type=P |title = Biography of Queen Mary |access-date = 15 October 2008 |publisher = University of Glasgow |archive-date = 2 December 2021 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20211202090518/https://www.universitystory.gla.ac.uk/biography/?id=WH0172&type=P |url-status = dead }}</ref> By the late 17th century its building centred on two courtyards surrounded by walled gardens, with a clock tower, which was one of the notable features of Glasgow's skyline—reaching {{convert|140|ft}} in height<ref>{{cite web |url = https://www.theglasgowstory.com/image/?inum=TGSD00553&t=2 |title = Old College Inner Court |access-date =27 February 2019 |website=The Glasgow Story }}</ref>—and a chapel adapted from the church of the former [[Dominican Order|Dominican]] (Blackfriars) friary. Remnants of this Scottish Renaissance building, mainly parts of the main façade, were transferred to the Gilmorehill campus and renamed as the "Pearce Lodge", after [[Sir William Pearce, 1st Baronet|Sir William Pearce]], the shipbuilding magnate who funded its preservation. The [[Lion and Unicorn Staircase]] was also transferred from the old college site and is now attached to the Main Building.

[[John Anderson (natural philosopher)|John Anderson]], while professor of natural philosophy at the university, and with some opposition from his colleagues, pioneered [[vocational education]] for working men and women during the [[Industrial Revolution]]. To continue this work in his will, he founded [[Royal College of Science and Technology|Anderson's College]], which was associated with the university before merging with other institutions to become the [[University of Strathclyde]] in 1964.

In 1973, [[Delphine Parrott]] became its first female professor, as Gardiner Professor of Immunology.<ref name=bsi>{{cite web |url=https://www.immunology.org/sslpage.aspx?pid=1188 |title=BSI Honorary member: Delphine Parrott |author=Thomas T. MacDonald |publisher=[[British Society for Immunology]] |access-date=9 September 2014 |archive-date=2 December 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131202232647/https://www.immunology.org/sslpage.aspx?pid=1188 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

In October 2014, the university court voted for the university to become the first academic institution in Europe to [[Fossil fuel divestment|divest from the fossil fuel industry]]. This followed a 12-month campaign led by the Glasgow University Climate Action Society and involved over 1,300 students.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2014/oct/08/glasgow-becomes-first-university-in-europe-to-divest-from-fossil-fuels |title=Glasgow becomes first university in Europe to divest from fossil fuels |first=Libby |last=Brooks |newspaper=The Guardian |date=8 October 2014 |access-date=8 October 2014}}</ref>