Editing Uropygi (section)

==Taxonomy==
[[Carl Linnaeus]] first described a whip scorpion in 1758, although he did not distinguish it from what are now regarded as different kinds of arachnid, calling it ''Phalangium caudatum''. ''[[Phalangium]]'' is now used as a name for a genus of harvestmen ([[Opiliones]]). In 1802, [[Pierre André Latreille]] was the first to use a genus name solely for whip scorpions, namely ''[[Thelyphonus]]''.<ref name=Harv02/><ref name=Latr02/> Latreille later explained the name as meaning "''{{lang|fr|qui tue}}''", meaning "who kills".<ref name=Latr04/>{{efn|
In [[Ancient Greek|Greek]] {{lang|grc|[[wikt:φόνος|{{math|φόνος}}]]}}, ''phonos'', means "murder", while {{lang|grc|{{math|φονός}} }}, with final accent, can be an adjective meaning "murderous", but also a noun meaning "murderess"; Latreille did not account for the element {{lang|grc|[[wikt:θῆλυς|{{math|θῆλυς}}]]}}, ''thelys'', meaning "female".
}}
One name for the order, Thelyphonida, is based on Latreille's genus name. It was first used, as the French {{lang|fr|Thélyphone}}, by Latreille in 1804,<ref name=Harv03/> and later by [[Octavius Pickard-Cambridge]] in 1872 (with the spelling Thelyphonidea).<ref name=Camb72/>

The alternative name, Uropygi, was first used by [[Tamerlan Thorell]] in 1883.<ref name=Harv03/> It means "tail rump", from [[Ancient Greek]] {{lang|el|{{math|οὐροπύγιον}} }} (''{{lang|el|ouropygion}}''),<ref>{{cite book |author=[[Aristotele]] |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sUfySpLBb2wC&pg=PA109-IA3 |title=De Anim. Hist. | date=28 November 2023 |at=Lib: IV Cap: I}}</ref> from {{lang|grc|{{math|οὐρά}} }} (''{{lang|el|oura}}'') "tail" and {{lang|grc|{{math|πυγή}} }} (''{{lang|el|pygē}}'') "rump" referring to the whip-like [[flagellum]] on the end of the [[pygidium]], a small plate made up of the last three segments of the abdominal [[exoskeleton]].

The classification and scientific name used for whip scorpions varies. Originally, [[Amblypygi]] (whip spiders), Uropygi and [[Schizomida]] (short-tailed whipscorpions) formed a single order of arachnids, Pedipalpi. Pedipalpi was later divided into two orders, Amblypygi and Uropygi (or Uropygida). Schizomida was then split off from Uropygi into a separate order.<ref name=Garw/> The remainder has either continued to be called by the same name, Uropygi,<ref name=Harv02/> possibly distinguished as Uropygi ''[[sensu stricto]]'', or called Thelyphonida.<ref name=Garw/> When the name Uropygi is used for the whip scorpions, the clade containing Uropygi and Schizomida may be called Thelyphonida,<ref>{{fossilworks |id=276198 |title=Order Thelyphonida {{small|(Latreille, 1804)}} (whip scorpion) |date=2023-03-10}}</ref> or Thelyphonida ''[[sensu lato|s.l.]]'' Conversely, when the name Thelyphonida is used for the whip scorpions alone, the parent clade may be called Uropygi,<ref>{{cite web |title=order Uropygi {{small|(Thorell, 1883)}} |website=BioLib |url=https://www.biolib.cz/en/taxon/id16785 |access-date=2023-03-10}}</ref> or Uropygi ''[[sensu lato]]''. The table below summarizes the two usages. When the qualifications ''[[sensu lato|s.l.]]'' and ''[[sensu stricto|s.s.]]'' are omitted, the names Uropygi and Thelyphonida are ambiguous.<!-- yes, this is an editorial comment, but I think necessary in the context -->

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Alternative nomenclature
|-
!English names !! System 1 !! System 2 !! Recent families
|-
|  || Thelyphonida ''s.l.'' (if used) || Uropygi ''s.l.'' (if used) ||
|-
| whip scorpions ||Uropygi ''s.s.'' ||Thelyphonida ''s.s.'' || [[Thelyphonidae]]
|-
| short-tailed whip scorpions ||Schizomida ||Schizomida || [[Hubbardiidae]], [[Protoschizomidae]]
|}

Phylogenetic studies show the three groups, Amblypygi, Uropygi ''[[sensu stricto|s.s.]]'' and Schizomida, to be closely related.<ref name=Garw>{{cite journal |title=Three-dimensional reconstruction and the phylogeny of extinct chelicerate orders |first1=Russell J. |last1=Garwood |first2=Jason A. |last2=Dunlop |date=2014 |journal=PeerJ |volume=2 |pages=e641 |doi=10.7717/peerj.641 |pmid=25405073 |pmc=4232842 |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref name=Shul07>{{cite journal |first=Jeffrey W. |last=Shultz |year=2007 |title=A phylogenetic analysis of the arachnid orders based on morphological characters |journal=Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society |volume=150 |issue=2 |pages=221–265 |doi=10.1111/j.1096-3642.2007.00284.x|doi-access=free }}</ref> The Uropygi ''[[sensu stricto|s.s.]]'' and Schizomida likely diverged in the late [[Carboniferous]], somewhere in the tropics of [[Pangaea]].<ref name=Clou17>{{Cite journal |last1=Clouse |first1=Ronald M. |last2=Branstetter |first2=Michael G. |last3=Buenavente |first3=Perry |last4=Crowley |first4=Louise M. |last5=Czekanski‐Moir |first5=Jesse |last6=General |first6=David Emmanuel M. |last7=Giribet |first7=Gonzalo |last8=Harvey |first8=Mark S. |last9=Janies |first9=Daniel A. |display-authors=6 |year=2017 |title=First global molecular phylogeny and biogeographical analysis of two arachnid orders (Schizomida and Uropygi) supports a tropical Pangean origin and mid-Cretaceous diversification |journal=[[Journal of Biogeography]] |volume=44 |issue=11 |pages=2660–2672 |doi=10.1111/jbi.13076 |doi-access= |issn=1365-2699 |language=en}}</ref>
{{clade
 |style=line-height:100%
 |label1={{nobr|&emsp; [[Pedipalpi]] &emsp;}}
 |1={{clade
   |1={{clade <!--dummy to align text of sister clades-->
      |label1={{nobr|&emsp; Amblypygi &emsp;}}
      |1=whip spiders [[File:Flickr - ggallice - Tailless whip-scorpion, La Muerta.png|120px]]
      }}
   |2={{clade
      |label1={{nobr|&emsp; Thelyphonida ''s.l.'' &emsp;}}
      |sublabel1=(Uropygi ''s.l.'')
      |1={{clade
         |label1=Uropygi ''s.s.''
         |sublabel1={{nobr|&emsp; (Thelyphonida ''s.s.'') &emsp;}}<br/>
         |1=whip scorpions [[File:Whip Scorpion body (9672115742) (white background).png|80px]]
         |label2={{nobr|&emsp; Schizomida &emsp;}}
         |2=short-tailed whip scorpions [[File:Brignolizomus woodwardi 175486060.jpg|80px]]
         }}
      }}
   }}
}}