Editing Vector clock (section)

==History==

Lamport originated the idea of logical [[Lamport clock]]s in 1978.<ref name="Lamport 1978">{{Cite journal | last1 = Lamport | first1 = L. |authorlink1=Leslie Lamport| title = Time, clocks, and the ordering of events in a distributed system | doi = 10.1145/359545.359563 | journal = [[Communications of the ACM ]]| volume = 21 | issue = 7 | pages = 558–565| year = 1978 | s2cid = 215822405 | url=http://research.microsoft.com/users/lamport/pubs/time-clocks.pdf}}</ref> However, the logical clocks in that paper were scalars, not vectors. The generalization to vector time was developed several times, apparently independently, by different authors in the early 1980s.<ref name=Schwarz>{{cite journal |last1=Schwarz |first1=Reinhard |last2=Mattern |first2=Friedemann |title=Detecting causal relationships in distributed computations: In search of the holy grail |journal=Distributed Computing |date=March 1994 |volume=7 |issue=3 |pages=149–174 |doi=10.1007/BF02277859|s2cid=3065996 |url=https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:hbz:386-kluedo-4006 }}</ref> At least 6 papers contain the concept.
<ref>{{cite web |last1=Kuper |first1=Lindsey |title=Who invented vector clocks? |url=https://decomposition.al/blog/2023/04/08/who-invented-vector-clocks/ |website=decomposition ∘ al |language=en |date=8 April 2023}} The papers are (in chronological order):
* {{cite book |last1=Fischer |first1=Michael J. |last2=Michael |first2=Alan |title=Proceedings of the 1st ACM SIGACT-SIGMOD symposium on Principles of database systems - PODS '82 |chapter=Sacrificing serializability to attain high availability of data in an unreliable network |date=1982 |pages=70 |doi=10.1145/588111.588124|isbn=0897910702 |s2cid=8774876 }}
* {{cite journal |last1=Parker |first1=D.S. |last2=Popek |first2=G.J. |last3=Rudisin |first3=G. |last4=Stoughton |first4=A. |last5=Walker |first5=B.J. |last6=Walton |first6=E. |last7=Chow |first7=J.M. |last8=Edwards |first8=D. |last9=Kiser |first9=S. |last10=Kline |first10=C. |title=Detection of Mutual Inconsistency in Distributed Systems |journal=IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering |date=May 1983 |volume=SE-9 |issue=3 |pages=240–247 |doi=10.1109/TSE.1983.236733|s2cid=2483222 }}
* {{cite book |last1=Wuu |first1=Gene T.J. |last2=Bernstein |first2=Arthur J. |title=Proceedings of the third annual ACM symposium on Principles of distributed computing - PODC '84 |chapter=Efficient solutions to the replicated log and dictionary problems |date=1984 |pages=233–242 |doi=10.1145/800222.806750|isbn=0897911431 |s2cid=2384672 }}
* {{cite journal |last1=Strom |first1=Rob |last2=Yemini |first2=Shaula |title=Optimistic recovery in distributed systems |journal=ACM Transactions on Computer Systems |date=August 1985 |volume=3 |issue=3 |pages=204–226 |doi=10.1145/3959.3962|s2cid=1941122 |doi-access=free }}
* {{cite tech report |last1=Schmuck |first1=Frank B. |title=Software clocks and the order of events in a distributed system |date=November 1985 |type=unpublished }}
* {{cite book |last1=Liskov |first1=Barbara |last2=Ladin |first2=Rivka |title=Proceedings of the fifth annual ACM symposium on Principles of distributed computing - PODC '86 |chapter=Highly available distributed services and fault-tolerant distributed garbage collection |date=1986 |pages=29–39 |doi=10.1145/10590.10593|isbn=0897911989 |s2cid=16148617 }}
* {{cite journal |last1=Raynal |first1=Michel |title=A distributed algorithm to prevent mutual drift between n logical clocks |journal=Information Processing Letters |date=February 1987 |volume=24 |issue=3 |pages=199–202 |doi=10.1016/0020-0190(87)90186-4}}
</ref> The papers canonically cited in reference to vector clocks are Colin Fidge’s and [[Friedemann Mattern]]’s 1988 works,
<ref>{{cite conference|first=Colin J.|last=Fidge|date=February 1988|title=Timestamps in message-passing systems that preserve the partial ordering|book-title=Proceedings of the 11th Australian Computer Science Conference (ACSC'88)|volume=10|issue=1 | editor = K. Raymond|pages=56–66 | url = http://zoo.cs.yale.edu/classes/cs426/2012/lab/bib/fidge88timestamps.pdf
 | access-date = 2009-02-13}}</ref><ref>{{cite conference|title=Virtual Time and Global States of Distributed systems|book-title=Proc. Workshop on Parallel and Distributed Algorithms|first=Friedemann|last=Mattern | editor-last=Cosnard | editor-first=M. 
 | place=Chateau de Bonas, France |date=October 1988 |publisher=Elsevier
 | pages=215–226}}</ref> as they (independently) established the name "vector clock" and the mathematical properties of vector clocks.<ref name=Schwarz/>