Editing Venetian language (section)

==History==
{{See also|Venetian literature}}

Like all members of the [[Romance languages|Romance language family]], Venetian evolved from [[Vulgar Latin]], and is thus a sister language of [[Italian language|Italian]] and other Romance languages. Venetian is first attested in writing in the 13th century.

The language enjoyed substantial prestige in the days of the [[Republic of Venice]], when it attained the status of a [[lingua franca]] in the [[Mediterranean Sea]]. Notable Venetian-language authors include the playwrights [[Angelo Beolco|Ruzante]] (1502–1542), [[Carlo Goldoni]] (1707–1793) and [[Carlo Gozzi]] (1720–1806). Following the old Italian theatre tradition ({{lang|it|[[commedia dell'arte]]}}), they used Venetian in their comedies as the speech of the common folk. They are ranked among the foremost Italian theatrical authors of all time, and plays by Goldoni and Gozzi are still performed today all over the world.

Other notable works in Venetian are the translations of the ''[[Iliad]]'' by [[Giacomo Casanova]] (1725–1798) and Francesco Boaretti, the translation of the ''[[Divine Comedy]]'' (1875) by [[Giuseppe Cappelli]] and the poems of [[Biagio Marin]] (1891–1985). Notable too is a manuscript titled ''[[Dialogo de Cecco di Ronchitti da Bruzene in perpuosito de la stella Nuova]]'' attributed to [[Girolamo Spinelli]], perhaps with some supervision by [[Galileo Galilei]] for scientific details.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://astrocultura.uai.it/avvenimenti/cecco.htm |title=Dialogo de Cecco Di Ronchitti da Bruzene in perpuosito de la stella nuova |publisher=[[Unione Astrofili Italiani]] }}</ref>

Several Venetian{{ndash}}Italian dictionaries are available in print and online, including those by [[:vec:Giuseppe Boerio|Boerio]],<ref>{{Cite book |last=Boerio |first=Giuseppe |author-link=:vec:Giuseppe Boerio|title=Dizionario del dialetto veneziano |publisher=Giovanni Cecchini |year=1856 |location=Venezia |trans-title=Dictionary of the Venetian dialect}}</ref> Contarini,<ref>{{Cite book |last=Contarini |first=Pietro |title=Dizionario tascabile delle voci e frasi particolari del dialetto veneziano |publisher=Giovanni Cecchini |year=1850 |location=Venezia |trans-title=Pocket dictionary of the voices and particular phrases of the Venetian dialect}}</ref> Nazari<ref>{{Cite book |last=Nazari |first=Giulio |title=Dizionario Veneziano-Italiano e regole di grammatica |publisher=Arnaldo Forni |year=1876 |location=Belluno |trans-title=Venetian-Italian dictionary and grammar rules}}</ref> and [[Giuseppe Piccio|Piccio]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Piccio |first=Giuseppe |title=Dizionario Veneziano-Italiano |publisher=Libreria Emiliana |year=1928 |location=Venezia |trans-title=Venetian-Italian dictionary|author-link=Giuseppe Piccio}}</ref>

As a [[literary language]], Venetian was overshadowed by [[Dante Alighieri]]'s [[Tuscan dialect]] (the best known writers of the Renaissance, such as [[Petrarch]], [[Boccaccio]] and [[Machiavelli]], were Tuscan and wrote in the Tuscan language) and [[languages of France]] like the [[Occitano-Romance languages]] and the [[langues d'oïl]] including the mixed [[Franco-Venetian]].

Even before the demise of the Republic, Venetian gradually ceased to be used for administrative purposes in favor of the Tuscan-derived Italian language that had been proposed and used as a vehicle for a common Italian culture, strongly supported by eminent Venetian humanists and poets, from [[Pietro Bembo]] (1470–1547), a crucial figure in the development of the [[Italian language]] itself, to [[Ugo Foscolo]] (1778–1827).

Venetian spread to other continents as a result of mass migration from the [[Veneto region]] between 1870 and 1905, and between 1945 and 1960. Venetian migrants created large Venetian-speaking communities in [[Argentina]], [[Brazil]] (see [[Talian dialect|Talian]]), and [[Mexico]] (see [[Chipilo Venetian dialect]]), where the language is still spoken today.

In the 19th century, large-scale immigration towards [[Trieste]] and [[Muggia]] extended the presence of the Venetian language eastward. Previously, the dialect of Trieste had been a Rhaeto-Romance dialect known as [[:it:Tergestino|Tergestino]]. This dialect became extinct as a result of Venetian migration, which gave rise to the [[Triestino]] dialect of Venetian spoken there today.

Internal migrations during the 20th century also saw many Venetian-speakers settle in other regions of Italy, especially in the [[Pontine Marshes]] of southern [[Lazio]] where they populated new towns such as [[Latina, Lazio|Latina]], [[Aprilia, Lazio|Aprilia]] and [[Pomezia]], forming there the so-called "[[:it:Comunità venetopontine|Venetian-Pontine]]" community (''comunità venetopontine'').

Some firms have chosen to use Venetian language in advertising, as a beer did some years ago{{clarify|reason=Which beer, and when?|date=June 2019}} ({{lang|vec|Xe foresto solo el nome}}, 'only the name is foreign').<ref name="Forum Nathion Veneta">{{Cite web |url=https://it.groups.yahoo.com/neo/groups/nathion_veneta/conversations/topics/3687 |title=Forum Nathion Veneta |website=Yahoo Groups |access-date=15 October 2015 |archive-date=17 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151117024431/https://it.groups.yahoo.com/neo/groups/nathion_veneta/conversations/topics/3687 }}</ref> In other cases advertisements in Veneto are given a "Venetian flavour" by adding a Venetian word to standard Italian: for instance an airline used the verb {{lang|vec|xe}} ({{lang|vec|'''Xe'''}} {{lang|it|sempre più grande}}, "it is always bigger") into an Italian sentence (the correct Venetian being {{lang|vec|el xe senpre pì grando}})<ref>Right spelling, according to: Giuseppe Boerio, ''Dizionario del dialetto veneziano'', Venezia, Giovanni Cecchini, 1856.</ref> to advertise new flights from [[Marco Polo Airport]].{{Citation needed|date=December 2007}}

In 2007, Venetian was given recognition by the [[Regional Council of Veneto]] with regional law no. 8 of 13 April 2007 "Protection, enhancement and promotion of the linguistic and cultural heritage of Veneto".<ref>[http://www.consiglioveneto.it/crvportal/leggi/2007/07lr0008.html Regional Law no. 8 of 13 April 2007]. "Protection, enhancement and promotion of the linguistic and cultural heritage of Veneto".</ref> Though the law does not explicitly grant Venetian any official status, it provides for Venetian as object of protection and enhancement, as an essential component of the cultural, social, historical and civil identity of Veneto.