Editing Vermilion (section)

== Etymology and common name ==
Used first in English in the 13th century, the word ''vermilion'' came from the [[Old French language|Old French]] word ''vermeillon'', which was derived from ''vermeil'', from the [[Latin]] ''vermiculus'' {{ndash}} the diminutive of the Latin word ''vermis'' for worm.<ref name="oed">{{cite web |title=Vermilion |url=https://www.etymonline.com/search?q=vermilion |publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary |access-date=11 April 2023 |date=2023}}</ref>

The name originated because it had a similar color to the [[Kermes (dye)|natural red dye]] made from an insect, ''[[Kermes vermilio]]'', which was widely used in Europe.<ref name="oed" />{{sfn|Eastaugh|2004|p=211}} The first recorded use of "vermilion" as a color name in English was in 1289.<ref>Maerz and Paul ''A Dictionary of Color'' New York:1930 McGraw-Hill Page 206; Color Sample of Vermilion: Page 27 Plate 2 Color Sample L11</ref><ref>Maerz and Paul ''A Dictionary of Color'' New York: 1930 McGraw-Hill Page 193; Color Sample of Cinnabar (It is noted on page 193 that cinnabar is the same color as vermilion): Page 27 Plate 2 Color Sample L11</ref>

The term '''cinnabar''' is used in [[mineralogy]] and [[crystallography]] for the red crystalline form of [[mercury sulfide]] HgS. Thus, the natural mineral pigment is called "cinnabar", and its synthetic form is called "vermilion" from [[red lead]].<ref name="oed" />