Editing Victim blaming (section)

==Coining of the phrase==
Psychologist [[William Ryan (psychologist)|William Ryan]] coined the phrase "blaming the victim" in his 1971 book of that title.<ref>{{Cite book|isbn = 9780394417264|title = Blaming the Victim|last1 = Ryan|first1 = William|year = 1971| publisher=Pantheon Books |url-access = registration|url = https://archive.org/details/blamingvictim00ryan_0}}</ref>{{sfn|Cole|2007|pp=111, 149, 213}}{{sfn|Downs|1998|p=24}}{{sfn|Katsiaficas|Kirkpatrick|Emery|1987| p= 219}}{{sfn|Kent |2003}} In the book, Ryan described victim blaming as an [[ideology]] used to justify [[racism]] and [[social injustice]] against [[African American|black people]] [[Racism in the United States|in the United States]].{{sfn|Katsiaficas|Kirkpatrick|Emery|1987| p= 219}} Ryan wrote the book to refute [[Daniel Patrick Moynihan]]'s 1965 work ''The Negro Family: The Case for National Action'' (usually simply referred to as the [[Moynihan Report]]).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.blackpast.org/african-american-history/moynihan-report-1965/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170318203932/http://www.blackpast.org/primary/moynihan-report-1965|url-status=dead|title=(1965) The Moynihan Report: The Negro Family, the Case for National Action • BlackPast|date=21 January 2007|archive-date=18 March 2017}}</ref>

Moynihan had concluded that three centuries of oppression of black people, and in particular with what he calls the uniquely cruel structure of [[American slavery]] as opposed to its Latin American counterparts, had created a long series of chaotic disruptions within the black family structure which, at the time of the report, manifested itself in high rates of unwed births, absent fathers, and [[single mother household]]s in black families. Moynihan then correlated these familial outcomes, which he considered undesirable, to the relatively poorer rates of employment, educational achievement, and financial success found among the black population. The black family structure is also being affected by media through the children.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Coyne |first1=Sarah M. |last2=Robinson |first2=Simon L. |last3=Nelson |first3=David A. |title=Does Reality Backbite? Physical, Verbal, and Relational Aggression in Reality Television Programs |journal=Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media |date=19 May 2010 |volume=54 |issue=2 |pages=282–298 |doi=10.1080/08838151003737931 |s2cid=144608099 }}</ref> The Black family is usually portrayed as gang affiliated, single-parent or very violent. Aggression and violent behavior in children has been linked to television programming.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Huesmann |first1=L. Rowell |title=The Impact of Electronic Media Violence: Scientific Theory and Research |journal=Journal of Adolescent Health |date=December 2007 |volume=41 |issue=6 |pages=S6–S13 |doi=10.1016/j.jadohealth.2007.09.005 |pmid=18047947 |pmc=2704015 |hdl=2027.42/83439 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> Moynihan advocated the implementation of government programs designed to strengthen the black [[nuclear family]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Geary |first1=Daniel |title=The Moynihan Report |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2015/09/the-moynihan-report-an-annotated-edition/404632/ |website=The Atlantic |access-date=25 July 2024 |language=en |date=15 September 2015}}</ref>

Ryan objected that Moynihan then located the [[proximate cause]] of the plight of black Americans in the prevalence of a family structure in which the father was often sporadically, if at all, present, and the mother was often dependent on government aid to feed, clothe, and provide medical care for her children. Ryan's critique cast the Moynihan theories as attempts to divert responsibility for poverty from [[Social class in the United States|social structural]] factors to the behaviors and cultural patterns of the poor.<ref>[http://lilt.ilstu.edu/gmklass/pos334/archive/ryan.htm Illinois state U. archives] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060904104748/http://lilt.ilstu.edu/gmklass/pos334/archive/ryan.htm |date=4 September 2006 }}.</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Ryan|first= William |title=Blaming the Victim |url=https://archive.org/details/blamingvictim1976ryan |url-access=registration |publisher=Vintage |year=1976 |isbn=978-0-394-72226-9 }}</ref>{{Page needed|date=July 2011}}