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== Names == The name is [[Sanskrit]] for "cessation, termination, end". As a [[Sanskrit]] word, it is used in place of several language-specific terms, such as: {| class="wikitable sortable" !Name in English books !Language !In native language !Form !Notes |- | rowspan="1" |''halant'' |[[Hindi]] |{{indic|lang=hi|indic=हलन्त|trans=halant|showlang=false}} |् | |- | rowspan="5" |''halanta'' |[[Punjabi language|Punjabi]] |{{indic|lang=pa|indic=ਹਲੰਤ|trans=halanta|defaultipa=|showlang=false}} |੍ | |- |[[Marathi language|Marathi]] |{{indic|lang=mr|indic=हलंत|trans=halanta|defaultipa=|showlang=false}} |् | |- |[[Nepali language|Nepali]] |{{indic|lang=ne|indic=हलन्त|trans=halanta|showlang=false}} |् | |- |[[Odia language|Odia]] |{{Indic|lang=or|indic=ହଳନ୍ତ|trans=haḷanta|defaultipa=|showlang=false}} |୍ | |- |[[Gujarati language|Gujarati]] |{{Indic|lang=gu|indic=હાલાંત|trans=hālānta|showlang=false}} |્ | |- | rowspan="3" |''hosonto'' |[[Bengali language|Bengali]] |{{indic|lang=bn|indic=হসন্ত|trans=hôsôntô|defaultipa=|showlang=false}} |্ | |- |[[Assamese language|Assamese]] |{{indic|lang=as|indic=হসন্ত|trans=hoxonto|defaultipa=|showlang=false|showhelp=false}} / {{indic|lang=as|indic=হছন্ত|trans=hosonto|defaultipa=|showlang=false}} |্ | |- |[[Sylheti language|Sylheti]] |{{Indic|lang=syl|indic=ꠢꠡꠘ꠆ꠔꠧ|trans=hośonto|defaultipa=|showlang=false}} |<span style="font-family: 'Surma';"> ◌ ꠆</span> | |- |''pollu'' |[[Telugu language|Telugu]] |{{indic|lang=te|indic=పొల్లు|trans=pollu|defaultipa=|showlang=false}} |్ | |- |''pulli'' |[[Tamil language|Tamil]] |{{indic|lang=ta|indic=புள்ளி|trans=puḷḷi|defaultipa=|showlang=false}} |் | |- |''chandrakkala'' |[[Malayalam script|Malayalam]] |{{indic|lang=ml|indic=ചന്ദ്രക്കല|trans=candrakkala|defaultipa=|showlang=false|showhelp=false}} / {{Indic|lang=ml|indic=വിരാമം|trans=viraamam|defaultipa=|showlang=false}} |് |Unlike other virama diacritics, it is pronounced {{IPA|ml|ɯ|}} word-finally. |- |''ardhakshara chihne'' |[[Kannada script|Kannada]] |{{indic|lang=kn|indic=ಅರ್ಧಾಕ್ಷರ ಚಿಹ್ನೆ|trans=ardhakshara chihne|defaultipa=|showlang=false|showhelp=false}} / {{Indic|lang=kn|indic=ಸುರುಳಿ|trans=suruli|defaultipa=|showlang=false}} |್ | |- |''hal kirima'' |[[Sinhala language|Sinhalese]] |{{Indic|lang=si|indic=හල් කිරිම|trans=hal kirīma|defaultipa=|showlang=false}} |් | |- |''a that'' |[[Burmese language|Burmese]] |{{Indic|lang=my|indic=အသတ်|trans=a.sat|defaultipa=|indicipa=ʔa̰θaʔ|showlang=false}} |် |lit. "[[Sat (Sanskrit)|nonexistence]]" |- |''viream'' | rowspan="2" | [[Khmer language|Khmer]] | {{indic|lang=km|indic=វិរាម|trans=vīrāma|defaultipa=|showlang=false}} | ៑ | |- |''toandokheat'' | {{indic|lang=km|indic=ទណ្ឌឃាត|trans=toandokheat|defaultipa=|showlang=false}} | ៍ | |- |''karan, thanthakhat'' | rowspan="3" | [[Thai language|Thai]] |{{Indic|lang=th|indic=การันต์|trans=kārạnt|defaultipa=|showlang=false|showhelp=false}}<ref name=":0">{{cite web|title=คำศัพท์ ''การันต์'' แปลว่าอะไร?|url=http://dict.longdo.com/search/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%8C|website=Longdo Dict}}</ref><ref name=":1">[[:th:การันต์]]</ref> / {{Indic|lang=th|indic=ทัณฑฆาต|trans=thanthakhat|defaultipa=|showlang=false}}<ref name=":2">{{cite web|title=คำศัพท์ ''ทัณฑฆาต'' แปลว่าอะไร?|url=http://dict.longdo.com/search/%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%93%E0%B8%91%E0%B8%86%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95|website=Longdo Dict}}</ref><ref name=":3">[[:th:ทัณฑฆาต]]</ref> |◌์ |''Thanthakhat'' is the name of the diacritic, while ''karan'' refers to the character that was marked. These two terms are often used interchangeably. It is used to mark as silent vowels or consonants that were originally pronounced, but have become silenced in Thai pronunciation (mostly from Sanskrit and [[Old Khmer]]). This diacritic is sometimes used in loanwords from European languages to mark final consonants in consonant clusters (e.g. want as วอนท์). |- |''pinthu'' |{{Indic|lang=th|indic=พินทุ|trans=pinthu|defaultipa=|showlang=false|showhelp=false}} |◌ฺ |''Pinthu'' is akin to Sanskrit [[Bindu (symbol)|bindu]], and means "point" or "dot". It is used to mark a syllable as closed, and it is only used in Thai script when writing Pali or Sanskrit. |- |''nikkhahit'' |นฤคหิต / นิคหิต |◌ํ |''Nikkhahit'' represents what was originally [[anusvāra]] in Sanskrit. Like ''pinthu'', it is also only used when writing Pali or Sanskrit in Thai script. It marks a syllable as nasalized, realized in Thai as a nasal closed consonant following the vowel. |- | rowspan="3" |''rahaam'' |[[Northern Thai language|Northern Thai (Lanna)]] | rowspan="3" |{{Indic|lang=nod|indic=ᩁᩉ᩶ᩣ᩠ᨾ|trans=rahaam|defaultipa=|showlang=false}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tai Tham |url=https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U1A20.pdf |access-date=30 July 2022 |website=The Unicode Standard}}</ref> |◌᩺ | |- |[[Khün language|Tai Khün]] |◌᩼ | |- |[[Tai Lue language|Tai Lue]] |◌᩼ | |- |''wirama'' |[[Kawi script|Kawi]] |{{Indic|lang=jv|indic=𑼮𑼶𑼬𑼴𑼪|trans=wirāma|defaultipa=|showlang=false}} |◌𑽁 | |- |''pangkon'' |[[Javanese language|Javanese]] |{{Indic|lang=jv|indic=ꦥꦁꦏꦺꦴꦤ꧀|trans=pangkon|defaultipa=|showlang=false}} |◌꧀ | |- |''adeg-adeg'' |[[Balinese language|Balinese]] |{{Indic|lang=ban|indic=ᬳᬤᭂᬕ᭄ᬳᬤᭂᬕ᭄|trans=adəg-adəg|defaultipa=|showlang=false}} |◌᭄ | |- | rowspan="3" |''pangolat'' |[[Mandailing Batak language|Mandailing]] | rowspan="3" |{{Indic|lang=bbc|indic=ᯇᯝᯬᯞᯖ᯲|trans=pangolat|defaultipa=|showlang=false}} | rowspan="3" |◌᯲ | |- |[[Pakpak language|Pakpak]] | |- |[[Toba Batak language|Toba]] | |- |''penengen'' |[[Batak Karo language|Karo]] |{{Indic|lang=btx|indic=ᯇᯧᯉᯧᯝᯧᯉ᯳|trans=pənəngən|defaultipa=|showlang=false}} | rowspan="2" |◌᯳ | |- |''panongonan'' |[[Batak Simalungun language|Simalungun]] |{{Indic|lang=bts|indic=ᯈᯉᯬᯝᯬᯉᯉ᯳|trans=panongonan|defaultipa=|showlang=false}} | |- |''pamaeh'' |[[Sundanese language|Sundanese]] |{{Indic|lang=su|indic=ᮕᮙᮆᮂ|trans=pamaeh|defaultipa=|showlang=false}} |◌᮪ | |- |''bunuhan'' |[[Rejang language|Rejang]] |{{Indic|lang=rej|indic=ꤷꥈꤵꥈꥁꥐ|trans=bunuhan|defaultipa=|showlang=false}} |꥓ | |- |''sukun'' |[[Maldivian language|Dhivehi]] |{{langx|dv|ސުކުން|sukun|label=none}} | ް◌ | Derives from Arabic "sukun" |- |''Srog med'' |[[Lhasa Tibetan|Tibetan]] |''Srog med'' |྄ |Only used when transcribing Sanskrit |}
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