Editing Virtual organization (section)

== Apparition and evolution ==

===1980s ===

The emergence of [[outsourcing]] in the 80s unquestionably played a significant role as its aim is to eradicate unproductive internal services and transfers the difficulty outside of the organization.<ref name="VOSP">[https://books.google.com/books?id=r9aURz8Kk0AC&pg=PA196] Afsarmanesh, H., Camarinha-Matos, L. and Ollus, M., 2005. Virtual Organizations: Systems and Practises. Boston: Springer Science + Business Media.</ref> Outsourcing necessarily implies partnerships as companies resort to other establishments. Thus, this method highlighted the necessity of alliances and [[Business networking|networking]] in a business and provoked a great interest for new disciplines. Indeed, this process has dramatically changed the way organizations consider partners and has raised their awareness concerning the benefits smart alliances can offer.<ref name=VOSP/> Though, until the early 1980s, this extremely bureaucratic organization arrangement (involving challenging, complex and slower decision-making) was considered adequate to manage a vast number of employees.<ref name="refbiz">[http://www.referenceforbusiness.com/management/Tr-Z/Virtual-Organizations.html] Thomas, G., n.d. Virtual Organizations [online] Accessible at: <http://www.referenceforbusiness.com/management/Tr-Z/Virtual-Organizations.html> [Accessed 14 October]</ref>

===1990s ===

The terms virtual organization, [[virtual enterprise]] or [[virtual corporation]] were first utilized in the early 1990s as demonstrate the work of Jan Hopland, Roger N. Nagel, [[William H. Davidow]] and Malone.<ref>[https://archive.today/20141017023323/http://www.businessweek.com/stories/1993-02-07/the-futurists-who-fathered-the-ideas] BusinessWeek Archives, 1993. The Futurists Who Fathered The Ideas. [online] Available at: <http://www.businessweek.com/stories/1993-02-07/the-futurists-who-fathered-the-ideas> [Accessed 15 October 2014]</ref> The table below allows us to understand more specifically their faintly distinctive theories:

 {| class="wikitable alternance centre"
 |+ Virtual organizations' views
 |-
 |
 ! scope="col" | Jan Hopland
 ! scope="col" | Roger N. Nagel
 ! scope="col" | William H. Davidow and Malone
 |-
 ! scope="row" | Position
 | Digital Equipment Corp. executive
 | Management expert
 | Authors of The Virtual Corporation
 |-
 ! scope="row" | Virtual organization’s depiction
 | A company that knows how to utilise partnerships both inside and outside its boundaries in order to mobilise more assets than it presently has on its own
 | Take advantage of market openings thanks to technology which allow enterprises to form temporary partnerships 
 | A broad and catch-all term comprising numerous management ideas and trendy terms
 |-
 |}

===Today ===

As mentioned before, there is not yet a universal definition of the term virtual organization. Even though this concept started to evolve a long time ago it is still progressing nowadays. We can observe below the innovative virtual organization's model focusing on quickly and efficiently creating first-class products (using each partner core competence).<ref name=refbiz />