Editing WCWN (section)

==History==
WCWN originated as an [[independent station]] on December 3, 1984, under the call letters WUSV, after its owner, Union Street Video. [[Chattanooga, Tennessee]]–based Media Central, a company that helped sign on a handful of independent UHF stations during this time, helped Union Street Video build the station, and also provided services to WUSV.<ref name=mediacentral>{{cite news|title=Consultant to independents makes SEC filing|url=https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-BC/BC-1984/BC-1984-01-16.pdf|access-date=February 27, 2022|newspaper=[[Broadcasting Magazine]]|date=January 16, 1984|archive-date=November 8, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211108151306/https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-BC/BC-1984/BC-1984-01-16.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> However, it made little headway against the market's original independent, [[WXXA-TV]] (channel 23). As with most independent stations in mid-sized markets during that period, it had difficulties from the outset in terms of getting programming with only afternoon [[animated cartoon|cartoons]] and some reruns getting respectable ratings. Most of the stronger programming went to WXXA, perhaps due in part to one of its founding partners, longtime movie director [[Arthur Penn]], having ties to [[Cinema of the United States|Hollywood]]. Also hurting WUSV was the presence of New York City's three independent stations–WNEW-TV (now [[WNYW]]), WOR-TV (now [[WWOR-TV]]) and [[WPIX]]–and [[Boston]]'s [[WSBK-TV]] on cable, which had been the case for more than a decade.

When WXXA joined [[Fox Broadcasting Company|Fox]] as a charter affiliate in 1986 (displacing WNYW on cable systems), WUSV had some difficulty filling the void. The Capital District was just barely large enough at the time to support what were essentially two independent stations (WXXA, like other early Fox affiliates, was still programmed as an independent at the time), and there simply wasn't enough programming to go around. Due to continuing financial difficulties, Union Street Video finally gave up in 1987 and sold the station in a [[fire sale]] to [[WMHT (TV)|WMHT Educational Telecommunications]]. Under WMHT's ownership, channel 45 became a secondary [[PBS]] [[network affiliate#Member stations|member station]] under the calls WMHX. It was still licensed as a commercial station, but operated as a [[non-commercial educational station|non-commercial]] broadcaster—much like [[Buffalo, New York|Buffalo]]'s [[WNED-TV]] (which received an educational license in 2000) and New York City's WNYC-TV (now [[Ion Television]] [[owned-and-operated station]] [[WPXN-TV]]) operated for many years.

This arrangement lasted until 1991 when, due to financial difficulties, WMHX was taken off-the-air. Two years later, the station returned to the air as WMHQ, carrying a large amount of instructional programming alongside repeats and double runs from WMHT. Further financial difficulties at WMHT led to WMHQ being put up for sale in the late 1990s.

Despite WMHT's financial difficulties, WMHQ's commercial license was still very valuable. By this time, the Capital District had grown large enough that a second non-Big Three station was now viable. After a sale to [[Sinclair Broadcast Group]], which intended to make the station a dual [[UPN]]/[[The WB|WB]] affiliate, fell through, [[Tribune Broadcasting]], part-owner of The WB, bought the station in 1999 for $18.5 million. Channel 45's final day of programming as a PBS station was September 5, 1999; after its nightly midnight sign-off, it returned to the air at 6&nbsp;a.m. the next morning as WB affiliate WEWB-TV, branded on-air as "WB 45". Prior to WEWB's relaunch, WPIX and [[NewsNation|WGN-TV's national feed]] had both served as the default WB affiliates for the Capital District. WPIX remained available to cable viewers in [[Albany, New York|Albany]] until 2002, but was blacked out during WB programming as well as syndicated programming shown exclusively on Albany stations (due to [[syndication exclusivity]] rules).

From the station's relaunch as WEWB until December 2006, its master control was located at sister station WB affiliate [[WLVI-TV]] in Boston. However, local offices were at Corporate Woods in Albany. WLVI's meteorologists maintained WCWN's weather page. In 2004, WEWB's digital signal signed on-the-air and began broadcasting on UHF channel 43. In 2005, the "WB 45" name was dropped in favor of "Capital Region's WB" at the tail end of a period in which most of Tribune's WB affiliates (minus its [[VHF]] and "heritage" stations) were re-branded in the same format.

Eleven years after the births of UPN and The WB on January 24, 2006, it was announced by [[CBS Corporation|CBS]] and [[WarnerMedia|Time Warner]] that The WB would merge with its rival network, UPN, to form [[The CW]]. As part of the deal, the newly formed network signed a 10-year affiliation deal with 16 of Tribune's WB stations, including WEWB. In preparation, the station's call letters changed to the current WCWN on May 8.<ref>[https://licensing.fcc.gov/cgi-bin/ws.exe/prod/cdbs/pubacc/prod/call_hist.pl?Facility_id=73264 Call Sign History for WCWN]</ref> In July 2006, commercials for The CW as well as syndicated fall programming had the station rebranding as "The Capital Region's CW" effective with the network's launch on September 18.

On June 19, 2006, Tribune announced it would sell WCWN to [[Freedom Communications]], owner of CBS affiliate WRGB, for $17 million. The purchase faced review from the [[Federal Communications Commission]] (FCC) for much of 2006, since the Capital District has only eight full-power stations—not enough to legally permit a duopoly. However, the FCC granted Freedom a "failed station" waiver for the station's purchase on November 22, clearing the way for Freedom to close on the station on December 6. At that point, all of WCWN's operations were merged into WRGB's facilities in Niskayuna and Freedom began to maintain WCWN's website. The purchase gave the Capital District its first television duopoly. For a short period of time, this essentially gave WRGB control of three stations as it continued its pre-existing [[joint sales agreement]] (JSA) with [[MyNetworkTV]] affiliate [[WNYA]] until February 2007.

Freedom announced on November 2, 2011, that it would bow out of television and sell its stations, including WCWN, to Sinclair Broadcast Group, marking the company's second attempt at acquiring channel 45.<ref name=ocr-freedomsinclair>{{cite news|last=Milbourn|first=Mary Ann|title=O.C. Register owner sells TV stations|url=https://www.ocregister.com/articles/sinclair-324997-stations-company.html|access-date=November 2, 2011|newspaper=[[Orange County Register]]|date=November 2, 2011|archive-date=November 3, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111103014937/https://www.ocregister.com/articles/sinclair-324997-stations-company.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Since Freedom had acquired WCWN through a "failed station" waiver, Sinclair requested a similar waiver for the purchase; this was granted on March 13, 2012, as part of the FCC's approval of the transaction.<ref name=tvbr-waiverapproval>{{cite news|last=Seyler|first=Dave|title=FCC waves through another failing-station waiver|url=https://rbr.com/fcc-waves-through-another-failing-station-waiver/|access-date=March 16, 2012|newspaper=Television Business Report|date=March 13, 2012|archive-date=March 17, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120317170522/https://rbr.com/fcc-waves-through-another-failing-station-waiver/|url-status=live}}</ref> The group deal closed on April 2, 2012.