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Wave loading
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==Examples of wave loading== * Offshore storms and pipes: As large waves pass over shallowly buried pipes, [[Fluid pressure|water pressure]] increases above it. As the trough approaches, pressure over the pipe drops and this sudden and repeated variation in pressure can break pipes.<ref>[[John T. Christian]] et al., βLarge Diameter Underwater Pipeline for [[Nuclear power plant|Nuclear Power Plant]] Designed Against [[Soil liquefaction|Soil Liquefaction]],β Offshore Technology Conference Preprints, Vol. 2, [[Houston, Texas]], 6–8 May 1974, pp. 597–606.</ref> The difference in pressure for a wave with wave height of about 10 m would be equivalent to one atmosphere (101.3 kPa or 14.7 psi) pressure variation between crest and trough and repeated fluctuations over pipes in relatively shallow environments could set up resonance vibrations within pipes or structures and cause problems. * Engineering oil platforms: The effects of wave-loading are a serious issue for engineers designing [[oil platform]]s, which must contend with the effects of wave loading, and have devised a number of algorithms to do so.
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