Editing Whitstable (section)

==History==
Archaeological finds indicate that the Whitstable area was inhabited during the [[Palaeolithic]] era, the [[Bronze Age]] and the [[Iron Age]].<ref name="Up to 1000AD">{{cite web  | title = Up to 1000AD  | publisher = Canterbury City Council  | url = http://www.canterbury.gov.uk/buildpage.php?id=2425  | access-date = 20 May 2007  | archive-date = 27 September 2007  | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070927040442/http://www.canterbury.gov.uk/buildpage.php?id=2425  | url-status = live  }}</ref><ref name="Prehistoric">{{cite book  | last= Duckworth|first=W. L. H|title = Prehistoric Man| page = 83 }}</ref> Oysters were harvested in the area in [[ancient Rome|Roman]] times.<ref name="oyster">{{cite web  | title = Whitstable Oyster Company  | publisher = Whitstable Oyster Fishery Company | url = http://www.oysterfishery.co.uk/history%20of%20the%20company.html  | access-date =29 March 2007 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070501102314/http://www.oysterfishery.co.uk/history%20of%20the%20company.html <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archive-date = 1 May 2007}}</ref> The remains of a Roman building have been found in the centre of the town. Charters indicate that there were [[Anglo-Saxons|Saxon]] settlements where salt production and coastal trade occurred.<ref name="agrarian">{{cite book  | last=Hallam |title = The Agrarian history of England and Wales| year =1988| page = 922 }}</ref> In the 19th century, extensive finds of Roman pottery were found in the sea around Whitstable during oyster dredging, and an offshore rock near the town has been associated with ''Caunos'', an island mentioned by [[Ptolemy]].<ref name="british-history.ac.uk">{{Cite web |title=Whitley - Whittering {{!}} British History Online |url=https://www.british-history.ac.uk/topographical-dict/england/pp555-557#h3-0022 |access-date=2022-06-05 |website=www.british-history.ac.uk}}</ref>

The town was recorded in the [[Domesday Book]] of 1086, under the name ''Witenestaple'',<ref>http://opendomesday.org/place/TR1066/whitstable/ {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150712113547/http://opendomesday.org/place/TR1066/whitstable/ |date=12 July 2015 }} Open Domesday Map: Whitstable</ref> meaning "the meeting place of the white post", a reference to a local landmark. At that time, Witenestaple was the administrative centre of the [[hundred (county division)|hundred]] of Witenestaple<ref>http://opendomesday.org/hundred/whitstable/ {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150712082149/http://opendomesday.org/hundred/whitstable/ |date=12 July 2015 }} Open Domesday Map: Whitstable Hundred</ref> which stretched from the coast to the village of [[Blean]], {{convert|3|km|mi|0}} north of Canterbury. In addition to Witenestaple, the hundred contained three [[Manorialism|manors]] at [[Seasalter]], Northwood and [[Swalecliffe]]. Whitstable hundred was located within the [[Lathe of St. Augustine|Lathe of St Augustine]].<ref name="british-history.ac.uk"/>

The Seasalter and Swalecliffe manors were owned by the church, and the manor at Northwood was run by a noble family on behalf of the king. Fisheries were located at the Seasalter manor, [[saltworks]] were at the Northwood manor, and pigs were farmed at the forest in Blean.<ref name = "1000 - 1500"/> By 1226, the name of the area had evolved into Whitstaple.<ref name = "place names"/> Saltworks were opened at the Seasalter manor around the turn of the 14th century, and a sea wall was built there in 1325 to prevent [[coastal flooding]].<ref name="1000 - 1500">{{cite web  | title = 1000–1500  | publisher = Canterbury City Council  | url = http://www.canterbury.gov.uk/cgi-bin/buildpage.pl?mysql=2426  | access-date = 29 March 2007  | archive-date = 27 September 2007  | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070927040525/http://www.canterbury.gov.uk/cgi-bin/buildpage.pl?mysql=2426  | url-status = live  }}</ref> The history and development of the town has determined and been determined by the shape and location of the coast which has changed over recorded history due to natural events and human interventions.

By the late middle ages Whitstable had become a centre of [[Thames Estuary]] fishing, including for oysters, and was connected by road to [[Chestfield]] where archaeological finds evidence seafood consumption, as well as the [[Blean|Forest of Blean]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Sweetinburgh |first=Sheila |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=G3f32EUj3GgC&dq=medieval+whitstable&pg=PA60 |title=Later Medieval Kent, 1220-1540 |date=2010 |publisher=Boydell & Brewer |isbn=978-0-85115-584-5 |pages=60 |language=en}}</ref>
 
[[Image:Cobbled Street in Whitstable.jpg|right|thumb|Harbour Street in Whitstable Town Centre|alt=A narrow paved road, lined with shops]]
By 1413, the three manors had combined to form the Whitstaple manor, and had been sold to a religious foundation in [[Essex]].<ref name="1000 - 1500"/> The manor was seized by King [[Henry VIII of England|Henry VIII]] during the [[Dissolution of the Monasteries]] in the 16th century, and was given to the Minter family, originally from [[Ickham]]. Branches of the Minter family survive today in the same area.{{Citation needed|date=December 2015}} A royal patent was granted in 1574 to the manor owner for the fishing of its oyster beds,<ref name = "oyster"/> and in the same year, the lands at Tankerton were incorporated into the manor. A [[copperas]] works was established at Tankerton in 1588, which operated until about 1830.<ref name="1500 - 1700">{{cite web  | title = 1500–1700  | publisher = Canterbury City Council  | url = http://www.canterbury.gov.uk/buildpage.php?id=2427  | access-date = 29 March 2007  | archive-date = 27 September 2007  | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070927040430/http://www.canterbury.gov.uk/buildpage.php?id=2427  | url-status = live  }}</ref> By 1610, the name Whitstaple had become Whitstable.<ref name="place names">{{cite web  | title = Kent place names  | publisher = BBC  | url = http://www.bbc.co.uk/kent/places/names/names_o-z.shtml  | access-date = 29 March 2007  | archive-date = 24 December 2007  | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20071224113413/http://www.bbc.co.uk/kent/places/names/names_o-z.shtml  | url-status = live  }}</ref>

Around the mid-18th century, goods and passengers began to be transported by ship between London and Whitstable, and a [[toll road]] was built to the cathedral city of Canterbury. These improvements in transport led to the town's development as a seaside resort; the first advertisements for [[bathing machine]]s at Whitstable appeared in 1768. In 1790 the manor was sold to private landowners, and three years later the rights to harvest the oyster beds were bought by the newly established Company of Free Fishers and Dredgers of Whitstable,<ref name="1700 - 1800">{{cite web  | title = 1700–1800  | publisher = Canterbury City Council  | url = http://www.canterbury.gov.uk/buildpage.php?id=2428  | access-date = 29 March 2007  | archive-date = 27 September 2007  | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070927040548/http://www.canterbury.gov.uk/buildpage.php?id=2428  | url-status = live  }}</ref><ref name="Whitstable Oyster Fishery Company">{{cite web | title = Whitstable Oyster Fishery Company | publisher = The National Archives | url = http://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/details/rd/781ea255-66d3-4c73-8243-02d5fcfe4879 | access-date = 14 May 2015 | archive-date = 18 May 2015 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150518081012/http://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/details/rd/781ea255-66d3-4c73-8243-02d5fcfe4879 | url-status = live }}</ref> the successor to the Whitstable Company of Dredgers.<ref name="Whitstable Oyster Fishery Company Bill">{{cite web | title = Whitstable Oyster Fishery Company Bill | publisher = The Stationery Office Limited | url = https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200405/cmprbill/006/whit.pdf | access-date = 14 May 2015 | archive-date = 18 May 2015 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150518083757/http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200405/cmprbill/006/whit.pdf | url-status = live }}</ref> Between roughly 1775 and 1875 the [[well smack]]s or early [[longline fishing|longliners]] out of [[Barking, London|Barking]] and other local fishing ports would collect [[lugworm]]s and [[whelk]]s from Whitstable's [[fishing bait|bait]]-diggers and [[fishing dredge|dredgers]] before beginning their tour for [[cod|prime fish]] north to [[Iceland]]. Whelks suspended in net bags in the well could live for a while due to circulating water.<ref name="EdgarJMarchTrawlers">{{cite book|last=March|first=Edgar J.|title=Sailing Trawlers|year=1950}}</ref> In the 1880s, Whitstable was described as having "an unrivalled, and indeed unchallenged, position in the oyster world".<ref>{{Cite book|last=Cox|first=W. J.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PBEHAAAAQAAJ&q=oyster|title=W.J. Cox's illustrated popular guide to Whitstable-on-sea and the surrounding neighbourhood|date=1884|publisher=W.J. Cox|pages=12|language=en}}</ref>
[[Image:Whitstable beach.jpg|right|thumb|Whitstable Beach]]
On 3 May 1830, the world's first entirely steam-hauled passenger and freight railway service was opened by the [[Canterbury and Whitstable Railway|Canterbury and Whitstable Railway Company]].<ref name="lines"/><ref name="economics">{{cite book  | title = Railway Economics   |year= 1912}}</ref> Designed by [[William James]], the line ran six miles (10&nbsp;km) from Westgate in Canterbury to Whitstable town centre. The railway line's initials—C&WR—and Whitstable's shellfish industry eventually led to its nickname, the Crab And Winkle Railway. The line carried coal arriving by sea in Whitstable to [[Canterbury]], delivered by [[Collier (ship)|colliers]] sailing from the [[North East England|north east of England]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=MAYO |first=KERRY |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1139923501 |title=WHITSTABLE HISTORY TOUR. |date=2020 |publisher=AMBERLEY Publishing |isbn=978-1-3981-0277-4 |location=[Place of publication not identified] |oclc=1139923501}}</ref> At this time, the town also had a thriving [[shipbuilding]] industry.<ref name=":0" /> In the mid nineteenth century, [[Hoy (boat)|hoys]] also sailed regularly from [[Port of London|London]] to Whitstable.<ref name="british-history.ac.uk"/>

[[File:Whitstable Harbour, Kent, UK.jpg|thumb|right|Whitstable Harbour|alt=Several boats docked at a harbour]]
Trains were driven by a locomotive for part of the journey, but on inclined planes were pulled on ropes by steam-driven [[Stationary engine|stationary winding engines]] located at Tyler Hill and Clowes Wood.<ref name="lines"/><ref name="economy"/><ref name="crab"/> The locomotive used was the [[Invicta_(locomotive)|''Invicta'']], an 0-4-0 inclined cylinder tender locomotive built by [[Robert Stephenson]], the son of engineer [[George Stephenson]].<ref name="lines">{{cite book  | last=  Searle |first=Muriel Vivienne|title = Lost lines| year =1982| pages = 11–13 }}</ref><ref name="locomotives">{{cite book  | last=Dendy Marshall|first=Chapman Frederick |title = A history of railway locomotives down to the end of the year 1831  | year = 1953 }}</ref> Whitstable harbour - also designed by [[Robert Stephenson|Stephenson]] - was opened by the railway company in 1832, and the rail line was extended to enable goods, mainly coal, to be directly transferred from ships onto the trains.<ref name="economy">{{cite book  | last= Armstrong|first=Alan|title = The economy of Kent, 1640–1914| page = 195 }}</ref> In 1834, the world's first [[season ticket]]s were issued for the C&WR line.<ref name="lines"/>  The harbour's size and positioning meant that it was the last place on England's east coast where [[barquentine]]s, [[schooner]]s and [[brigantine]]s transporting coal could operate, with sailing [[Collier (ship)|colliers]] serving Whitstable Harbour until the 1920s.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Greenhill |first1=Basil |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nnBuBAAAQBAJ&dq=whitstable+colliers&pg=PT158 |title=Inshore Craft: Traditional Working Vessels of the British Isles |last2=Mannering |first2=Julian |date=2013-04-15 |publisher=Pen and Sword |isbn=978-1-4738-2260-3 |language=en}}</ref>

The ''Invicta'' locomotive was retired in 1840 and replaced by horses until a third winding engine was built at South Street.<ref name="crab">{{cite web  | title =Crab and Winkle Way  | publisher =Canterbury City Council  | url =http://www.canterbury.gov.uk/assets/transport/crabandwinkle.pdf  | access-date =29 July 2009  | archive-date =11 October 2011  | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20111011044406/https://www.canterbury.gov.uk/assets/transport/crabandwinkle.pdf  | url-status =live  }}</ref> The ''Invicta'' was kept for scrap, but in 1898 work began on its restoration, which continued intermittently until its completion in 1977 by the [[National Railway Museum]] in [[York]]. On 3 May 1980 the locomotive was returned to Canterbury to celebrate the 150th anniversary of the line.<ref name="lines"/> On Sunday 16 June 2019 Invicta was returned to the Whitstable Museum & Gallery.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.whitstablemuseum.org/category/invicta/|title=Invicta {{!}} Whitstable Museum and Gallery|language=en-US|access-date=2020-02-21|archive-date=21 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200221182153/https://www.whitstablemuseum.org/category/invicta/|url-status=live}}</ref>

Around the time of the construction of the Whitstable to Canterbury line, the local Gorrell stream was diverted into what was known as the Backwater reservoir, so as to prevent the railway needing to cross the estuary of the stream on damp and unstable land. The Gorrell Backwater was then filled through the stream itself as well as rain water drainage when the tide was in, and whilst out the water would be released into the newly built Whitstable Harbour. The reservoir unfortunately would contribute to the flooding of the town during years when the reservoir could not be drained, such as in 1897 and 1953 when weather conditions were exceptionally bad. This continued into the late 1960s, when fire engines were used to pump out large quantities of the water to prevent further flooding.

In the early 1970s, the present Gorrell Tank was built underground, with the Gorrell Car Park being in service above ground since.<ref name="tank">{{cite web| title = Parking on History| publisher = Oystertown| url = http://www.oystertown.net/extras/my-whitstable-times-articles/parking-on-history/| access-date = 8 July 2017| archive-date = 1 August 2017| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170801041711/http://www.oystertown.net/extras/my-whitstable-times-articles/parking-on-history/| url-status = live}}</ref>

In 1845, the Canterbury and Whitstable Railway Company was bought by the South Eastern Railway, who introduced steam locomotives capable of operating along the entire length of the railway.<ref name="lines"/> A direct rail route from Whitstable to London was established in 1860 when the [[London, Chatham and Dover Railway]] opened a station on what is now the [[Chatham Main Line]].<ref name="economy"/> On 16 November 1869, 71 buildings in the town were destroyed by a [[The Great Fire of Whitstable, 1869|fire]] which started at a shop near the harbour.<ref name="fire">{{cite book  | last=Goodsall|first=Robert|title = Whitstable, Seasalter and Swalecliffe  | year = 1938 }}</ref> In about 1854 the first branch of the [[Sea Cadet Corps (United Kingdom)|Sea Cadet Corps]], then known as the Naval Lads' Brigade, was established in the town by the Reverend Henry Barton.<ref name="Cadets">{{cite web  | title = Whitstable Sea Cadets  | publisher = Canterbury City Council  | url = http://www.canterbury.co.uk/cgi-bin/buildpage.pl?mysql=334  | access-date = 21 April 2007  | archive-date = 31 October 2006  | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20061031112320/http://www.canterbury.co.uk/cgi-bin/buildpage.pl?mysql=334  | url-status = live  }}</ref>

[[Image:Harbourpanorama.jpg|center|thumb|800px|Whitstable harbour; the tarmac plant is visible in the background.|alt=Whitstable harbour]]

A plant to manufacture [[tarmacadam]] was built beside Whitstable Harbour in 1936. The harbour gradually fell into decay after the Second World War, but in 1958 the Whitstable Urban District Council purchased and repaired the harbour with the intention of rejuvenating the town's economy.<ref name="squay">{{cite web  | title = South Quay public consultation  | publisher = Canterbury City Council  | url = https://www.canterbury.gov.uk/buildpage.php?id=2323&prn=y  | access-date = 21 April 2007  | archive-date = 27 September 2007  | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070927040638/https://www.canterbury.gov.uk/buildpage.php?id=2323&prn=y  | url-status = live  }}</ref>

The Crab and Winkle Line finally closed in 1953, but about a third of the line was reopened as a footpath and cycleway in 1999 under the stewardship of a local charity, the Crab and Winkle Line Trust.<ref name="crab"/> One of the main developments to the town in recent years was the Horsebridge project. Completed in 2005, it was designed to regenerate a dilapidated area of the town with the construction of new shops and houses, a town square, and a community centre with a performance space and art gallery.<ref name="then">{{cite book  | last= Glover|first=M. R. |title = Whitstable Then and Now| year =2005| publisher =  Nonsuch Publishing }}</ref>

===Oysters{{anchor|Free Fishers of Whitstable Act 1793|Faversham Oyster Fishery Company Act 1840|Faversham Oyster Fishery Act 1930|Faversham Oyster Fishery Company Act 2017}}===
{{Infobox UK legislation
| short_title           = Free Fishers of Whitstable Act 1793
| type                  = Act
| parliament            = Parliament of Great Britain
| long_title            = An Act for incorporating the Company of Free Fishers and Dredgers of Whitstable, in the County of Kent, and for the better ordering and Government of the Fishery.
| year                  = 1793
| citation              = [[33 Geo. 3]]. c. 42
| introduced_commons    = 
| introduced_lords      = 
| territorial_extent    = 
| royal_assent          = 30 April 1793
| commencement          = 
| expiry_date           = 
| repeal_date           = 
| amends                = 
| replaces              = 
| amendments            = 
| repealing_legislation = 
| related_legislation   = 
| status                = 
| legislation_history   = 
| theyworkforyou        = 
| millbankhansard       = 
| original_text         = 
| revised_text          = 
| use_new_UK-LEG        = 
| UK-LEG_title          = 
| collapsed             = yes
}}
{{Infobox UK legislation
| short_title           = Faversham Oyster Fishery Company Act 1840
| type                  = Act
| parliament            = Parliament of the United Kingdom
| long_title            = An Act for granting certain Powers to the Faversham Oyster Fishery Company.
| year                  = 1840
| citation              = [[3 & 4 Vict.]] c. lix
| introduced_commons    = 
| introduced_lords      = 
| territorial_extent    = 
| royal_assent          = 4 June 1840
| commencement          = 
| expiry_date           = 
| repeal_date           = 
| amends                = 
| replaces              = 
| amendments            = 
| repealing_legislation = Faversham Oyster Fishery Act 1930
| related_legislation   = 
| status                = repealed
| legislation_history   = 
| theyworkforyou        = 
| millbankhansard       = 
| original_text         = https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukla/Vict/3-4/59/pdfs/ukla_18400059_en.pdf
| revised_text          = 
| use_new_UK-LEG        = 
| UK-LEG_title          = 
| collapsed             = yes
}}
{{Infobox UK legislation
| short_title           = Faversham Oyster Fishery Act 1930
| type                  = Act
| parliament            = Parliament of the United Kingdom
| long_title            = An Act to incorporate and confer powers upon the Faversham Oyster Fishery Company to provide for the transfer to and vesting in that Company of the undertaking of the Company or Fraternity of Free Fishermen and Dredgermen of the Manor and Hundred of Faversham in the County of Kent to dissolve the said Company or Fraternity and for other purposes.
| year                  = 1930
| citation              = [[20 & 21 Geo. 5]]. c. lxxiv
| introduced_commons    = 
| introduced_lords      = 
| territorial_extent    = 
| royal_assent          = 4 June 1930
| commencement          = 
| expiry_date           = 
| repeal_date           = 
| amends                = 
| replaces              = {{ubli|Faversham Oyster Fishery Company Act 1840}}
| amendments            = {{ubli|Faversham Oyster Fishery Company Act 2017}}
| repealing_legislation = 
| related_legislation   = 
| status                = 
| legislation_history   = 
| theyworkforyou        = 
| millbankhansard       = 
| original_text         = https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukla/Geo5/20-21/74/pdfs/ukla_19300074_en.pdf
| revised_text          = 
| use_new_UK-LEG        = 
| UK-LEG_title          = 
| collapsed             = yes
}}
{{Infobox UK legislation
| short_title           = Faversham Oyster Fishery Company Act 2017
| type                  = Act
| parliament            = Parliament of the United Kingdom
| long_title            = An Act to provide for the alteration of the objects, powers and constitution of the Faversham Oyster Fishery Company; and for other purposes.
| year                  = 2017
| citation              = [[List of acts of the Parliament of the United Kingdom from 2017|2017]] c. i
| introduced_commons    = 
| introduced_lords      = 
| territorial_extent    = 
| royal_assent          = 27 April 2017
| commencement          = 
| expiry_date           = 
| repeal_date           = 
| amends                = {{ubli|Faversham Oyster Fishery Act 1930}}
| replaces              = 
| amendments            = 
| repealing_legislation = 
| related_legislation   = 
| status                = 
| legislation_history   = 
| theyworkforyou        = 
| millbankhansard       = 
| original_text         = https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukla/2017/1/contents/enacted
| revised_text          = 
| use_new_UK-LEG        = 
| UK-LEG_title          = 
| collapsed             = yes
}}
Whitstable became famous for its native oysters produced by the three companies in the area: The '''Faversham Oyster Fishery Company''', the '''Seasalter and Ham Oyster Company''' and the '''Whitstable Oyster Fishery Company'''. Oysters have been farmed in Whitstable for centuries, but it was not until 1793 that the industry became highly regulated with the Act of Incorporation of the 'Company of Free Fishers and Dredgers of Whitstable' ([[33 Geo. 3]]. c. 42) and are all unusual in that they own the freehold of the seabed.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/details/r/781ea255-66d3-4c73-8243-02d5fcfe4879 |title=Whitstable Oyster Fishery Company |date=1724–1978 |others=<corpname>Whitstable Oyster Fishery Company</corpname>, <corpname>Company of Free Fishers and Dredgers, 1793-1896, Whitstable</corpname> |language=English}}</ref> But Whitstable oysters go even further back, almost two thousand years, to when the Romans discovered them and, regarding them as a delicacy, shipped them back live to Rome. They are a registered [[Protected Geographical Indication]] (PGI) product.<ref>{{Cite web |title= Product Specification "Whitstable Oysters" |url=https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/5fd369628fa8f54d6249ea1c/pfn-whitstable-oysters.pdf |access-date=2023-01-02 |website=}}</ref> At these companies' peak in the 1850s, they were sending as many as 80 million oysters a year to Billingsgate fish market. By then the plentiful oyster had become the food of the poor. Unfortunately the native oyster population drastically declined in the first half of the 20th century and a combination of pollution, disease, overfishing and the introduction of diseases proved fatal to the industry by the middle of the 20th century. Pacific Oysters are now farmed on the foreshore at Whitstable, owned by the Whitstable Oyster Fishery Company on a commercial scale producing up to 300 tons of sustainable shellfish per year. The farm was the subject of an investigation by the Marine Management Organisation in 2016 after allegations about the racks causing safety issues and blocking navigation for watercraft and swimmers. This ended in two independent navigational risk assessments commissioned by the MMO that concluded that the risk posed by the presence of the oyster farm remains [[ALARP]] or lower (broadly acceptable) and that the oyster farm’s activities met the requirements of the exemption relating to shellfish propagation and cultivation under the [[Marine Licensing (Exempted Activities) Order 2011]] ([[SI 2011]]/409) as amended (Article 13).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Deployment of oyster trestles to the west of Whitstable Harbour |url=https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/deployment-of-oyster-trestles-to-the-west-of-whitstable-harbour |access-date=2023-01-02 |website=GOV.UK |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.kentonline.co.uk/whitstable/news/oyster-racks-threatening-lives-118882/ |title=Oyster racks 'threatening lives' |date=15 January 2017 |access-date=4 March 2017 |archive-date=5 March 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170305042641/http://www.kentonline.co.uk/whitstable/news/oyster-racks-threatening-lives-118882/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>https://www.cefas.co.uk/publications/lableaflets/lableaflet31.pdf {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210131230628/https://www.cefas.co.uk/publications/lableaflets/lableaflet31.pdf |date=31 January 2021 }} P9</ref>