Editing Wing loading (section)

==Range of wing loadings==

{{table alignment}}
{| class="wikitable sortable defaultright col1left col2left col3left"
|+ Wing loading examples<ref>{{cite book |title= The simple science of Flight: From Insects to Jumbo Jets |author= Hendrik Tennekes |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=lt4PQPDhX5YC |publisher= MIT Press |date= 2009 |isbn= 978-0-262-51313-5}}, {{cite web |url= http://mitpress.typepad.com/.a/6a00d83451e4b669e2017616acf6f2970c-800wi |title= Figure 2: The great flight diagram}}</ref>
! Aircraft !! Type !! Introduction !!data-sort-type="number"| [[MTOW]] !!data-sort-type="number"| Wing area !!data-sort-type="number"| kg/m<sup>2</sup> !!data-sort-type="number"| lb/sqft
|-
| [[Monarch Butterfly]]
| Animal || data-sort-value="-66000000"|[[Cenozoic]] ||  ||  
| {{cvt|0.168|kg/m2|lb/sqft|disp=table}}
|-
| [[bird]]s{{efn|138 species from 10&nbsp;g to 10&nbsp;kg, from small [[passerines]] to [[swan]]s and [[Crane (bird)|cranes]]}}
| Animal || data-sort-value="-145000000"|[[Cretaceous]] ||  ||  
| {{cvt|1|-|20|kg/m2|lb/sqft|disp=table}}<ref>{{cite journal |title= Flight Speeds among Bird Species: Allometric and Phylogenetic Effects |author= Thomas Alerstam, Mikael Rosén, Johan Bäckman, Per G. P Ericson, Olof Hellgren |date= 17 July 2007 |journal= PLOS Biology|volume= 5 |issue= 8 |pages= e197 |doi= 10.1371/journal.pbio.0050197 |pmid= 17645390 |pmc= 1914071 |doi-access= free }}</ref>
|-
| bird flight upper critical limit
| Animal ||  ||  ||  
| {{cvt|25|kg/m2|lb/sqft|disp=table}}<ref>Meunier, K. ''Korrelation und Umkonstruktionen in den Größenbeziehungen zwischen Vogelflügel und Vogelkörper-Biologia Generalis'' 1951: pp. 403-443. [Article in German]</ref>
|-
| [[Ozone Gliders|Ozone]] Buzz Z3 MS
| [[Paraglider]]
| 2010
| {{cvt|75|-|95|kg|lb}}
| {{cvt|25.8|m2}}
| {{cvt|2.9|-|3.7|kg/m2|disp=table}}<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.para2000.org/wings/ozone/buzzz3.html |title= Ozone Buzz Z3 |work= P@r@2000 |author= Gérard Florit |date= 23 January 2016}}</ref>
|-
| [[Wills Wing]] Sport 2 155
| [[Hang glider]] 
| 2004
| {{cvt|{{#expr:68+26.8}}|-|{{#expr:(113+26.8)}}|kg|lb}}
| {{cvt|14.4|m2}}
| {{cvt|{{#expr:(68+26.8)/14.4round1}}|-|{{#expr:(113+26.8)/14.4round1}}|kg/m2|lb/sqft|disp=table}}<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.willswing.com/hang-gliders/sport-2/ |title= Sport 2 / 2C |publisher= Wills Wing }}</ref>
|-
| Gin Fluid 11
| [[Speed flyer]] 
| 2010
| 140 kg
| {{cvt|11|m2}}
| {{cvt|12.7|kg/m2|lb/sqft|disp=table}}
|-
| upper limit
| [[Microlift glider]]
| 2008
| {{cvt|220|kg}} max.
| {{cvt|{{#expr:220/18round1}}|m2}} min.{{efn| at max weight}}
| {{cvt|18|kg/m2|lb/sqft|disp=table}}<ref>{{cite web|url = http://www.fai.org/downloads/igc/SC3_2016|title = Sporting Code Section 3: Gliding |publisher= [[Fédération Aéronautique Internationale]] |date= 12 October 2016 }}</ref>
|-
| [[Civil Aviation Authority (United Kingdom)|CAA]] (UK) regulations
| [[microlight]] wing loading limit
| 2008 {{efn|legislation enacted}}
| {{cvt|450|kg}} max. {{efn|for a two seat landplane}}
| {{cvt|{{#expr:450/25round1}}|m2}} min.{{efn| at max weight}}
| {{cvt|25|kg/m2|lb/sqft|disp=table}}<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.caa.co.uk/General-aviation/Aircraft-ownership-and-maintenance/Types-of-aircraft/Microlights/ |title= Microlights |publisher= UK Civil Aviation Authority |quote=or a stalling speed at the maximum weight authorised not exceeding 35 knots calibrated speed}}</ref>
|-
| [[Schleicher ASW 22]]
| [[Glider (sailplane)|Glider]] || 1981
| {{cvt|850|kg}} || {{cvt|16.7|m2}}
| {{cvt|{{#expr:850/16.7round1}}|kg/m2|lb/sqft|disp=table}}
|-
| [[Piper Warrior]]
| [[General aviation]] || 1960
| {{cvt|1055|kg}} || {{cvt|15.14|m2}}
| {{cvt|{{#expr:1055/15.14round1}}|kg/m2|lb/sqft|disp=table}}
|-
| [[Beechcraft Baron]]
| General aviation twin-engine || 1960
| {{cvt|2,313|kg}} || {{cvt|18.5|m2}}
| {{cvt|{{#expr:2313/18.5round1}}|kg/m2|lb/sqft|disp=table}}
|-
| [[Supermarine Spitfire]]
| [[Aviation in World War II|Fighter (WWII)]] || 1938
| {{cvt|3,039|kg}} || {{cvt|22.48|m2}}
| {{cvt|{{#expr:3039/22.48round0}}|kg/m2|lb/sqft|disp=table}}
|-
| [[Beechcraft Airliner]]
| [[Regional airliner|Airliner (commuter)]] || 1968
| {{cvt|4,727|kg}} || {{cvt|25.99|m2}}
| {{cvt|{{#expr:4727/25.99round0}}|kg/m2|lb/sqft|disp=table}}
|-
| [[Learjet 31]]
| [[Business jet]] || 1990
| {{cvt|7,031|kg}} || {{cvt|24.57|m2}}
| {{cvt|{{#expr:7031/24.57round0}}|kg/m2|lb/sqft|disp=table}}
|-
| [[Mikoyan MiG-23]]
| Fighter ([[variable-geometry]]) || 1970
| {{cvt|17800|kg}} || {{cvt|34.16|-|37.35|m2}}
| {{cvt|{{#expr:17800/37.35round0}}|-|{{#expr:17800/34.16round0}}|kg/m2|lb/sqft|disp=table}}
|-
| [[Lockheed F-104 Starfighter]]
| [[Multirole fighter|Fighter (multi-role)]] || 1958
| {{cvt|13,166|kg}} || {{cvt|18.22|m2}}
| {{cvt|{{#expr:13166/18.22round1}}|kg/m2|lb/sqft|disp=table}}
|-
| [[General Dynamics F-16]]
| [[Multirole fighter|Fighter (multi-role)]] || 1978
| {{cvt|19,200|kg}} || {{cvt|27.87|m2}}
| {{cvt|{{#expr:19200/27.87round1}}|kg/m2|lb/sqft|disp=table}}
|-
| [[McDonnell Douglas F-15 Eagle]]
| [[Air superiority fighter|Fighter (air superiority)]] || 1976
| {{cvt|30,845|kg}} || {{cvt|56.5|m2}}
| {{cvt|{{#expr:30845/56.5round0}}|kg/m2|lb/sqft|disp=table}}
|-
| [[Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-25]]
| Fighter (interceptor) || 1970
| {{cvt|36,720|kg}} || {{cvt|61.4 |m2}}
| {{cvt|{{#expr:36720/61.4round0}}| kg/m2|lb/sqft|disp=table}}
|-
| [[Lockheed SR-71 Blackbird]]
| Strategic reconnaissance aircraft || 1966
| {{cvt|68,946|kg}} || {{cvt|170|m2}}
| {{cvt|{{#expr:68946/170round0}}| kg/m2|lb/sqft|disp=table}}
|-
| [[Fokker F27]]
| Airliner ([[turboprop]]) || 1958
| {{cvt|19,773|kg}} || {{cvt|70|m2}}
| {{cvt|{{#expr:19773/70round0}}|kg/m2|lb/sqft|disp=table}}
|-
| [[Fokker F28 Fellowship]]
| [[Regional Jet|Airliner (regional jet)]] || 1969
| {{cvt|33000|kg}} || {{cvt|78.97|m2}}
| {{cvt|{{#expr:33000/78.97round0}}|kg/m2|lb/sqft|disp=table}}
|-
| [[Boeing 737 Classic#737-400|Boeing 737-400]]
| Airliner ([[narrow-body]]) || 1984 
| {{cvt|62,820|kg}} || {{cvt|91.04|m2}}
| {{cvt|{{#expr:62820/91.04round0}}|kg/m2|lb/sqft|disp=table}}
|-
| [[Boeing 737 Next Generation#737-900ER|Boeing 737-900ER]]
| [[Airliner]] (narrow-body) || 2007
| {{cvt|85139|kg}} || {{cvt|124.6|m2}}
| {{cvt|{{#expr:85139/124.6round0}}|kg/m2|lb/sqft|disp=table}}
|-
| [[Airbus_A321neo#A321XLR|Airbus A321XLR]]
| [[Airliner]] (narrow-body) || 2024 (est)
| {{cvt|101015|kg}} || {{cvt|122.4|m2}}
| {{cvt|{{#expr:101015/122.4round0}}|kg/m2|lb/sqft|disp=table}}
|-
| [[Boeing 767]]-300ER<ref name=Elsevier1999>{{cite web |url= https://booksite.elsevier.com/9780340741528/appendices/data-a/default.htm |title= Aircraft Data File |publisher= Elsevier Limited |date= July 30, 1999 |work= Civil Jet Aircraft Design |author=Lloyd R. Jenkinson |author2=Paul Simpkin |author3=Darren Rhodes }}</ref>
| Airliner ([[wide-body]]) || 1982
| {{cvt|181437|kg}} || {{cvt|283.3|m2}}
| {{cvt|{{#expr:181437/283.3round0}}|kg/m2|lb/sqft|disp=table}}
|-
| [[Boeing 757]]-300
| Airliner (narrow-body) || 1982
| {{cvt|115665|kg}} || {{cvt|185|m2}}
| {{cvt|{{#expr:115665/185round0}}|kg/m2|lb/sqft|disp=table}}
|-
| [[Concorde]]
| [[Supersonic transport|Airliner (supersonic)]] || 1976
| {{cvt|187000|kg}} || {{cvt|358.2|m2}}
| {{cvt|{{#expr:187000/358.2round0}}|kg/m2|lb/sqft|disp=table}}
|-
| [[Rockwell B-1 Lancer|Rockwell B-1B Lancer]]
| [[Bomber]] (variable-geometry) || 1983
| {{cvt|148000|kg}} || {{cvt|181.2|m2}}
| {{cvt|{{#expr:148000/181round0}}|kg/m2|lb/sqft|disp=table}}
|-
| [[McDonnell Douglas MD-11]]<ref name=Elsevier1999/>
| Airliner (wide-body) || 1990
| {{cvt|283720|kg}} || {{cvt|338.9|m2}}
| {{cvt|{{#expr:283720/338.9round0}}|kg/m2|lb/sqft|disp=table}}
|-
| [[Boeing 777]]-300ER
| Airliner (wide-body) || 2004
| {{cvt|351533|kg}} || {{cvt|436.8|m2}}
| {{cvt|{{#expr:351533/436.8round0}}|kg/m2|lb/sqft|disp=table}}
|-
| [[Airbus A340]]-500/600<ref name=Elsevier1999/>
| Airliner (wide-body) || 2002
| {{cvt|365000|kg}} || {{cvt|437.3|m2}}
| {{cvt|{{#expr:365000/437.30round0}}|kg/m2|lb/sqft|disp=table}}
|-
| [[Boeing 747]]-400<ref name=Elsevier1999/>
| Airliner (wide-body) || 1988
| {{cvt|396830|kg}} || {{cvt|525|m2}}
| {{cvt|{{#expr:396830/525round0}}|kg/m2|lb/sqft|disp=table}}
|-
| [[Airbus A380]]
| Airliner (wide-body) || 2007
| {{cvt|575000|kg}} || {{cvt|845|m2}}
| {{cvt|{{#expr:575000/845round0}}|kg/m2|lb/sqft|disp=table}}
|}