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Withdrawal reflex
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==Example== When a person touches a hot object and withdraws their hand from it without actively thinking about it, the heat stimulates [[Thermoreceptor|temperature]] and [[Nociceptor|pain receptors]] in the skin, triggering a sensory impulse that travels to the [[central nervous system]]. The sensory neuron then [[synapse]]s with [[spinal interneuron|interneuron]]s that connect to motor [[neuron]]s.<ref name="thpa">{{cite book |last1=Thibodeau |first1=Gary |last2=Patton |first2=Kevin |editor1-first=Sally|editor1-last=Schrefer |title=Structure & Function of the Body |url=https://archive.org/details/structurefunctio0011thib |url-access=registration |edition=11 |year=2000 |publisher=Mosby, Inc |isbn=0-323-01082-2 |page=[https://archive.org/details/structurefunctio0011thib/page/170 170] |chapter=7}}</ref> Some of these send motor impulses to the [[flexor]]s that lead to the muscles in the arm to contract, while some motor neurons send inhibitory impulses to the extensors so [[flexion]] is not inhibited. This is referred to as [[reciprocal innervation]].<ref name="sestta">{{cite book |last1=Seeley |first1=Rod |last2=Stephens |first2=Trent |author3=Philip Tate |editor1-first=Deborah |editor1-last=Allen |title=Anatomy and physiology |edition=2 |year=1992 |publisher=Mosby-Year Book, Inc}}</ref> The withdrawal reflex in the leg can be examined and measured, using an [[electromyogram]] to monitor the muscle activity in the upper leg ([[biceps femoris muscle |biceps femoris]]) while applying increasing electrical stimulation to the lower leg ([[sural nerve]]) on the same side of the body. The stimulus intensity at which the reflex is evoked is often the intensity at which the subject reports the onset of pain, and the strength of the withdrawal reflex is correlated with the strength of the pain experienced.<ref name = Rhudy&France>{{cite journal |author=Rhudy JL, France CR |title=Defining the nociceptive flexion reflex (NFR) threshold in human participants: a comparison of different scoring criteria |journal=Pain |volume=128 |issue=3 |pages=244β53 |date=April 2007 |pmid=17070999 |pmc=1993909 |doi=10.1016/j.pain.2006.09.024 }}</ref>
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