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Yola dialect
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==History== {{Main|History of the English language}} ===Origins=== {{further|History of the English language|West Saxon dialect|West Country English|Kildare Poems}} {{Location map | Ireland | relief = yes | width = 250 | lat_deg = 52.2529 | lon_deg = -6.5597 | label = Forth and Bargy | caption = Forth and Bargy shown within Ireland }} The dialect was spoken in [[County Wexford]], particularly in the [[barony (Ireland)|baronies]] of [[Forth (County Wexford barony)|Forth]] and [[Bargy]]. This was the first area English speakers came to in the [[Norman invasion of Ireland]], supporting the theory that it evolved from the [[Middle English]] introduced in that period. As such it is thought to have been similar to [[Fingallian]], which was spoken in the [[Fingal]] region north of [[Dublin]]. Middle English, the mother tongue of the "[[Normans in Ireland|Old English]]" community, was widespread throughout southeastern Ireland until the 14th century; as the Old English were increasingly assimilated into Irish culture, their original language was gradually displaced through [[Gaelicisation]]. After this point, Yola and Fingallian were the only attested [[relict]]s of this original form of English.<ref name=Hickey2005>{{cite book |last= Hickey |first= Raymond|title= Dublin English: Evolution and Change |year= 2005 |publisher= John Benjamins Publishing |isbn= 90-272-4895-8 |pages=196β198}}</ref><ref name=Hickey2002>{{cite book |last= Hickey |first= Raymond|title= A Source Book for Irish English |year= 2002 |publisher= John Benjamins Publishing |isbn= 9027237530 |pages= 28β29}}</ref> [[Modern English]] was widely introduced by British colonists during and after the 17th century, forming the basis for the modern [[Hiberno-English]] of Ireland. The new varieties were notably distinct from the surviving relict dialects.<ref name=Hickey2005/><ref name=Hickey2002/> As English continued to spread, both Yola and Fingallian died out in the 19th century, though Yola continued to be used as a liturgical language by the churches of Wexford well into the 20th century. To this day the Kilmore Choir sings what were once Yola tunes, now adapted to Standard English. The speech of Forth and Bargy was the only kind in Ireland included in [[Alexander John Ellis]]'s work ''On Early English Pronunciation Volume V'', which was the earliest survey of dialects of English. The phonetics of the dialect were taken from a local reverend.<ref>{{cite book |page=67 |title=On Early English Pronunciation, Part V. The existing phonology of English dialects compared with that of West Saxon speech |first=A. J. |last=Ellis |publisher=Truebner & Co. |location=London |year=1889 |url=https://openlibrary.org/works/OL6089353W/On_Early_English_Pronunciation_Part_V}}</ref> === Use after the mid-19th century === Though the Forth and Bargy dialect ceased to be used as a means of daily communication after the mid-19th century, it continued to see significant usage as a liturgical language, and some personal usage within the linguist community of Ireland, such as [[Kathleen Browne]]'s letter to Ireland dated to 10 April 1893. Browne was a fluent Yola speaker and wrote a number of articles including "The Ancient Dialect of the Baronies of Forth and Bargy" in 1927.<ref>Browne, Brendan (2016). Kathleen A. Browne. The Past: The Organ of the UΓ Cinsealaigh Historical Society. No. 32 (2016), pp. 108-115</ref> County Wexford native Paddy Berry is noted for his condensed performances of the piece "A Yola Zong", which he has performed for various recordings, the latest of which was in 2017.<ref>{{Citation|title=Paddy Berry singing 'The Yola Hurling Song' (2017)|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2WXJqdA8omg|language=en|access-date=2022-01-18}}</ref> Various Yola rhymes, passed down from generation to generation, can be heard spoken by a Wexford woman in a documentary recorded in 1969 on the present usage and rememberers of Yola in the former baronies of Forth and Bargy.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Baronies of Forth And Bargy|url=https://www.rte.ie//archives/2019/0503/1047290-baronies-of-forth-and-bargy/|access-date=2022-01-18|publisher=RTΓ Archives|language=en}}</ref> Yola Farmstead, a community-operated reenactment of a Forth and Bargy village as it would have been during the 18th century, delivered a speech and performance of a song in Yola at their opening ceremony, featured Yola phrases in their advertisements, and hosted events where participants could learn some of the dialect from linguists and other experts on it.{{Citation needed|date=November 2023}} The Yola Farmstead also hosted a memorial event dedicated to Jack Devereux of the Kilmore Choir, which once used Yola extensively in their Christmas services. Devereux was a preservationist of, and well-versed in, Yola; locals considered him to be an expert on the dialect, and a rendition of the Lord's Prayer translated into Yola was read at his memorial.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Kilmore Carols|url=https://www.rte.ie//archives/exhibitions/922-christmas-tv-past/287756-kilmore-carols/|access-date=2022-01-18|publisher=RTΓ Archives|language=en}}</ref> The Yola Farm has since closed down but since 2021 there have been efforts to reopen it.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-08-20 |title=Locals hope to restore the Yola Farmstead to {{as written|i|t's [sic]}} former glory |url=https://www.southeastradio.ie/2021/08/locals-hope-to-restore-the-yola-farmstead-to-its-former-glory/ |access-date=2022-03-30 |website=South East Radio |language=en-US}}</ref> [[Wikitongues]] also has a section dedicated to Yola on its website which hosts language documentation and revitalization resources.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Wikitongues {{!}} yol |url=https://wikitongues.org/languages/yol |access-date=2022-03-30 |language=en-US}}</ref>
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