Editing Zeev Sternhell (section)

==Biography==
Zeev Sternhell was born in [[Przemyśl]] in south-eastern [[Polish Second Republic|Poland]] on 10 April 1935 to an affluent secular Jewish family with [[Zionism|Zionist]] tendencies. His grandfather and father were textile merchants.<ref name=Shavit>{{cite news |author=Ari Shavit |author-link=Ari Shavit |date=6 March 2008 |title=Amazing grace |url=http://www.haaretz.com/amazing-grace-1.240739 |newspaper=[[Haaretz]] |access-date=11 September 2014}}</ref> At 5, this highly protected world around him suddenly collapsed.<ref name="Shavit" />  His father fought with the Polish army during the [[invasion of Poland]] in September 1939, and died shortly after returning home. When Poland was defeated, the family home was partially requisitioned by [[Soviet invasion of Poland|Soviet forces]].<ref name="Shavit" /><ref name="APNYT" >[[Associated Press]],[https://www.nytimes.com/aponline/2020/06/21/world/middleeast/ap-ml-israel-obit-zeev-sternhall.html 'Zeev Sternhell, Dovish Israeli Expert on Fascism, Dies at 85,'] [[New York Times]] 21 June 2020.</ref> After the [[Operation Barbarossa|German declaration of war on the Soviet Union]], the family were sent to a [[Ghettos in Nazi-occupied Poland|ghetto]].<ref name=Shavit /> His mother and older sister, Ada, were killed by the Nazis when he was about seven years old.<ref name="Lerner" >[[Gad Lerner]],'Da soldato a studioso del fasci-nazismo,' in [[Il Fatto Quotidiano]], 21 June 2020.:'non aveva ancora 7 anni quando la madre e la sorella furono uccise dai nazisti'.</ref> An uncle who had a permit to work outside the ghetto smuggled him to [[Lviv|Lwów]].<ref name=Traubmann>{{cite news |author=Tamara Traubmann |date=8 February 2008 |title=Haaretz's Ze'ev Sternhell wins Israel Prize in political science |url=http://www.haaretz.com/news/haaretz-s-ze-ev-sternhell-wins-israel-prize-in-political-science-1.238934 |newspaper=[[Haaretz]] |access-date=11 September 2014}}</ref> The uncle found a Polish officer and a working-class family, rare examples in his experience of Poland at that time of people not only not anti-Semitic but ready to provide assistance to Jews, who were willing to help them.<ref name="Shavit" /> Supplied with false Aryan papers, Sternhell lived with his aunt, uncle and cousin as a Polish Catholic. After the war, he was baptized, taking the Polish name Zbigniew Orolski.<ref name=Shavit /> He became an [[altar boy]] in the [[Wawel Cathedral|Cathedral of Kraków]]. In 1946, at the age of 11, Sternhell was taken to [[French Fourth Republic|France]] on a [[Red Cross]] children's train, where he lived with an aunt. He learned [[French language|French]] and was accepted to a school in [[Avignon]] despite stiff competition.<ref name=Shavit />

In the winter of 1951, at the age of 16, Sternhell [[aliyah|immigrated]] to [[Israel]] under the auspices of [[Youth Aliyah]], and was sent to [[Magdiel (school)|Magdiel boarding school]].<ref name=Traubmann /><ref>Ari Shavit, [https://books.google.com/books?id=zbPudMBp5yYC&pg=PA151  ''My Promised Land: The Triumph and Tragedy of Israel,''] [[Random House]] 2013 {{isbn|978-0-812-98464-4}} pp. 151–152.</ref> In the 1950s, he served as a [[platoon]] commander in the [[Golani Brigade|Golani infantry brigade]], including the [[Suez Crisis|Sinai War]]. He fought as a reservist in the [[Six-Day War]], the [[Yom Kippur War]] and the [[1982 Lebanon War]].<ref name=Shavit/> and defined himself in 2008 as still a 'super-Zionist'.<ref name="Shavit" />

In 1957–1960, he studied history and [[political science]] at the [[Hebrew University of Jerusalem]], graduating with a BA ''[[Latin honors|cum laude]]''. In 1969, he was awarded a Ph.D. from the [[Sciences Po|Institut d'études politiques de Paris]] for his thesis on "The Social and Political Ideas of [[Maurice Barrès]]".<ref>Francoise S. Ouzan, [https://books.google.com/books?id=cfJcDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT211  ''How Young Holocaust Survivors Rebuilt Their Lives: France, the United States, and Israel,''] [[Indiana University Press]] 2018 {{isbn|978-0-253-03399-4}} p. 190.</ref>

Sternhell lived in [[Jerusalem]] with his wife Ziva, an art historian, with whom he had two daughters. He died on 21 June 2020, due to complications from a [[Surgery|medical surgery]].<ref>{{Cite news|last=Aderet|first=Ofer|title=Zeev Sternhell, leading voice of Israeli left and renowned political scientist, dies at 85|url=https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/.premium-zeev-sternhell-leading-voice-of-israeli-left-and-political-scientist-dies-at-85-1.8922259|work=Haaretz|date=21 June 2020|access-date=21 June 2020}}</ref>