Editing 1959 in science (section)

==Technology==
* June 9 – The [[USS George Washington (SSBN-598)|USS ''George Washington'']] is launched at [[Groton, Connecticut]], as the first submarine to carry [[ballistic missile]]s (December 30 – commissioned).
* June 14 – At [[Disneyland]] in [[Anaheim, California]], new rides are opened in the [[Tomorrowland (Disney Parks)#Disneyland|Tomorrowland]] area, designed by [[Bob Gurr]]:
** The [[Disneyland Monorail]], the world's first regularly operating passenger-carrying [[monorail]] ([[Alweg]] system).<ref>{{cite book|last=Strodder|first=Chris|title=The Disneyland Encyclopedia|year=2017|publisher=Santa Monica Press|isbn=978-1595800909|edition=3rd|pages=336–337}}</ref>
** The [[Matterhorn Bobsleds]], the world's first tubular [[steel roller coaster]], constructed by [[Arrow Development]].<ref>{{cite web|website=Aceonline.org|url=http://www.aceonline.org/CoasterAwards/?type=3|publisher=ACE|title=Coaster Landmark Awards|access-date=2025-04-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101212021831/http://aceonline.org/CoasterAwards/?type=3|archive-date=2010-12-12|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* August 13 – First automobile delivered with the modern form of three-point [[seat belt]] developed by [[Nils Bohlin]] for [[Volvo]] in Sweden.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/gadgets-and-tech/features/the-man-who-saved-a-million-lives-nils-bohlin--inventor-of-the-seatbelt-1773844.html|title=The man who saved a million lives: Nils Bohlin - inventor of the seat belt|newspaper=The Independent|location=London|date=2009-08-19|access-date=2009-12-08}}</ref>
* August 31 – [[Frank Der Yuen]] is granted a United States [[patent]] for the [[jet bridge]] (passenger boarding bridge).<ref>{{cite web|title=Apparatus for facilitating the loading and unloading of passengers and cargo : US Grant US3046908A|url=https://patents.google.com/patent/US3046908}}</ref>
* September 16 – The [[Xerox 914]], the first plain paper copier, is introduced to the public.
* November – The [[MOSFET]] (metal–oxide–semiconductor [[field-effect transistor]]), also known as the MOS [[transistor]], is invented by [[Mohamed Atalla]] and [[Dawon Kahng]] at [[Bell Labs]] in the United States.<ref>{{cite journal|url=https://www.computerhistory.org/siliconengine/metal-oxide-semiconductor-mos-transistor-demonstrated/|title=1960 - Metal Oxide Semiconductor (MOS) Transistor Demonstrated|journal=The Silicon Engine|publisher=[[Computer History Museum]]}}</ref><ref name="Bassett22">{{cite book |last=Bassett |first=Ross Knox |title=To the Digital Age: Research Labs, Start-up Companies and the Rise of MOS Technology |date=2007 |publisher=Johns Hopkins University Press|isbn=9780801886393 |page=22 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UUbB3d2UnaAC&pg=PA22}}</ref> It revolutionizes the [[electronics industry]],<ref>{{cite book |last1=Chan |first1=Yi-Jen |title=Studies of InAIAs/InGaAs and GaInP/GaAs heterostructure FET's for high speed applications |date=1992 |publisher=[[University of Michigan]] |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sV4eAQAAMAAJ |page=1 |quote=The Si MOSFET has revolutionized the electronics industry and as a result impacts our daily lives in almost every conceivable way.}}</ref> becomes the fundamental building block of the [[Information Age]]<ref>{{cite book |last=Wong |first=Kit Po |title=Electrical Engineering|volume=II |date=2009 |publisher=[[Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems|EOLSS Publications]] |isbn=9781905839780 |page=7}}</ref> and goes on to become the most widely manufactured device in history.<ref>{{cite web |title=13 Sextillion & Counting: The Long & Winding Road to the Most Frequently Manufactured Human Artifact in History |url=https://www.computerhistory.org/atchm/13-sextillion-counting-the-long-winding-road-to-the-most-frequently-manufactured-human-artifact-in-history/ |date=2018-03-02|publisher=Computer History Museum|access-date=2019-07-28}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Baker |first=R. Jacob |title=CMOS: Circuit Design, Layout and Simulation |date=2011 |publisher=John Wiley & Sons|isbn=978-1118038239 |page=7 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kxYhNrOKuJQC&pg=PA7}}</ref>
* [[Agfa]] introduces the first fully automatic [[camera]], the ''Optima''.
* [[Eveready Battery]] engineer [[Lewis Urry]] invents the long-lasting [[alkaline battery]].
* [[Gordon Gould]] publishes the term [[Laser]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Gould|first=R. Gordon|year=1959|chapter=The LASER, Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation|editor=Franken, P. A.|editor2=Sands, R. H.|title=The Ann Arbor Conference on Optical Pumping, the University of Michigan, 15 June through 18 June 1959|page=128|oclc=02460155}}</ref>
* [[Pilkington Brothers]] [[patent]] the [[float glass process]] invented by [[Alastair Pilkington]].<ref>{{cite book|editor=Challoner, Jack|title=1001 Inventions That Changed the World|location=London|publisher=Cassell|year=2009|isbn=978-1-84403-611-0|page=754}}</ref>