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Abkhaz language
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===Vowels=== The nature of the vowels of Abkhaz is not clear. Some linguists,<ref>{{Cite book|last=Chirikba|first=A. Viacheslav|title=Abkhaz|year=2003|pages=20}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Vaux|first=Bert|title=The Phonetics and Phonology of Secondary Articulations in Abkhaz|journal=10th Non-Slavic Languages Conference|pages=2|citeseerx=10.1.1.17.6362}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Hewitt|first=B.G.|url=http://worldcat.org/oclc/18961122|title=Abkhaz|date=1989|publisher=Routledge|isbn=0-415-03883-9|oclc=18961122}}</ref> characterise the vowel system as a 2 degree [[vertical vowel system]]; with the two vowels being distinguished by height, 'ә' being the high/close vowel, and 'а' being the low/open. This system would very closely resemble the one found in [[Adyghe language|Adyghe]]. The quality of 'ә' in this case, is usually represented as [ɨ] if the vowel is in a stressed position, and being unaffected by its neighbouring consonants. {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+ class="nowrap" | ! !Vowel |- ! [[Close vowel|Close]] | {{IPA link|ɨ}} |- ! [[Open vowel|Open]] | {{IPA link|a}} |} Other linguists<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Pozdnyakov|first=V.I.|date=2017|title=ФОНОЛОГО-ФОНЕТИЧЕСКАЯ СИСТЕМА ЯЗЫКА – ОСНОВА ОБУЧЕНИЯ БИЛИНГВА ВТОРОМУ ЯЗЫКУ|url=https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=30456371|journal=АБХАЗСКИЙ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫЙ УНИВЕРСИТЕТ|pages=420}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=Грамматика абхазского языка : Фонетика и морфология|pages=13–14}}</ref> however, mainly Russian ones, describe the vowels differently. They describe the sound of 'ә' being completely different from [ɨ], and by their descriptions being closer to [ə]. The 'а' is described as being particularly back, likely [ɑ]. {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+ class="nowrap" | ! ! [[Central vowel|Central]] ! [[Back vowel|Back]] |- ![[Mid vowel|Mid]] | {{IPA link|ə}} | |- ! [[Open vowel|Open]] | | {{IPA link|ɑ}} |}
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