Editing Active measures (section)

==== Basmachi Revolt ====
{{main|Basmachi movement}}
The [[Islam]]ic anti-Soviet [[Basmachi movement]] in [[Central Asia]] posed an early threat to the Bolshevik movement. The movement's roots lay in the [[Central Asian revolt of 1916|anti-conscription violence of 1916]] that erupted when the Russian Empire began to draft Muslims for army service in [[World War I]].<ref>Victor Spolnikov, "Impact of Afghanistan's War on the Former Soviet Republics of Central Asia", in Hafeez Malik, ed, Central Asia: Its Strategic Importance and Future Prospects (New York: St. Martin's Press, 1994), 101.</ref> In the months following the [[October Revolution]] of 1917, the [[Bolsheviks]] seized power in many parts of the Russian Empire and the [[Russian Civil War]] began. [[Turkestan|Turkestani]] Muslim political movements attempted to form an autonomous government in the city of [[Kokand]], in the [[Fergana Valley]]. The Bolsheviks launched an assault on Kokand in February 1918 and carried out a general massacre of up to 25,000 people.{{citation needed|date=January 2024}} The massacre rallied support to the Basmachi who waged a [[Guerrilla warfare|guerrilla]] and conventional war that seized control of large parts of the Fergana Valley and much of [[Turkestan]].<ref name="Uzbekistan pg. 30">Uzbekistan, By Thomas R McCray, Charles F Gritzner, pg. 30, 2004, {{ISBN|1438105517}}.</ref><ref name="ReferenceB">Martha B. Olcott, ''The Basmachi or Freemen's Revolt in Turkestan'', 1918-24, 355.</ref> The group's notable leaders were [[Enver Pasha]] and, later, [[Ibrahim Bek]]. Soviet Russia responded by deploying special Soviet military detachments masqueraded as [[Basmachi]] forces and received support from British and Turkish intelligence services. The operations of these detachments facilitated the collapse of the Basmachi movement and the assassination of Pasha.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Baumann |first=Dr Robert F. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yaVvCwAAQBAJ&pg=PT110 |title=Russian-Soviet Unconventional Wars in the Caucasus, Central Asia, and Afghanistan [Illustrated Edition] |date=2015-11-06 |publisher=Pickle Partners Publishing |isbn=978-1-78289-965-5 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=1922-08-18 |title=ENVER PASHA SLAIN BY SOVIET FORCE; Turks' War Leader Is Left Dead on the Field After Desperate Fight in Bokhara. LAST OF THE TRIUMVIRATE His Colleagues Talaat and Djemal Assassinated by Armenians After Fleeing From Constantinople. |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1922/08/18/archives/enver-pasha-slain-by-soviet-force-turks-war-leader-is-left-dead-on.html |access-date=2023-03-15 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=15 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230315001056/https://www.nytimes.com/1922/08/18/archives/enver-pasha-slain-by-soviet-force-turks-war-leader-is-left-dead-on.html |url-status=live }}</ref>