Editing Adposition (section)

==Inflected adpositions==
{{Main|Inflected preposition}}
Some languages feature inflected adpositions—adpositions (usually prepositions) marked for grammatical person and/or grammatical number to give meanings such as "on me," "from you," etc. In the Indo-European languages this phenomenon is mostly confined to the [[Celtic languages]] like [[Welsh language|Welsh]] and [[Irish language|Irish]]. [[Polish language|Polish]] also allows some degree of combining prepositions with pronouns in the third person.<ref>{{cite book|last=Swan |first=Oscar E. |title=A Grammar of Contemporary Polish |publisher=Slavica |year=2002 |location=Bloomington, IN |isbn=0-89357-296-9}}</ref>

===Celtic===

The majority of Welsh prepositions can be inflected. This is achieved by having a preposition such as {{lang|cy|o}} ({{gloss|of/from}}) + a linking element; in the case of {{lang|cy|o}} this is {{lang|cy|-hon-}} + the assimilated pronoun element, resulting in {{lang|cy|ohon-}} being the preposition's "stem" form. It is common in speech for the pronoun to be present after the preposition, but it can be omitted. Unless used with a pronoun the form is always {{lang|cy|o}} and not the "stem", e.g. {{lang|cy|dw i'n dod '''o''' Gymru}} – {{gloss|I come '''from''' Wales}}, {{lang|cy|gormod '''o''' gwrw}} – {{gloss|too much ('''of''') beer}}.

The following table gives the inflected forms of the preposition {{lang|cy|o}} ({{gloss|of/from}}). The optional pronouns that follow the inflected forms are given in parentheses.

:{| class="wikitable"
|-
! colspan="2" |
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! colspan="2" | 1st Person
| {{lang|cy|ohonof (i), ohono (i)}} – {{gloss|of/from me}}
| {{lang|cy|ohonon (ni)}} – {{gloss|of/from us}}
|-
! colspan="2" | 2nd Person
| {{lang|cy|ohonot (ti)}} – {{gloss|of/from you}}
| {{lang|cy|ohonoch (chi)}} – {{gloss|of/from you}}
|-
! rowspan="2" | 3rd Person
! Masculine
| {{lang|cy|ohono (fe/fo)}} – {{gloss|of/from him/it}}
| rowspan="2" | {{lang|cy|ohonyn (nhw)}} – {{gloss|of/from them}}
|-
! Feminine
| {{lang|cy|ohoni (hi)}} – {{gloss|of/from her/it}}
|}

{{lang|cy|Cymerodd ef hi '''ohonof'''}} – {{gloss|he took it '''from me'''}}.

===Semitic===
Inflected prepositions are found in [[Semitic languages]], including [[Hebrew]],<ref>{{cite book|title=Modern Hebrew: An Essential Grammar |edition=2nd |first=Lewis |last=Glinert |date=1994 |isbn=0-415-10190-5 |publisher=Routledge UK |pages=41–44}}</ref> [[Arabic language|Arabic]], [[Assyrian Neo-Aramaic]] and [[Amharic]].

For example, the Arabic preposition {{lang|ar|على}} ({{IPA|lang=ar|/ʕalaː}}) {{gloss|on}} inflects as {{lang|ar|علَيَّ}} ({{IPA|lang=ar|/ʕalajːa/}}) {{gloss|on me}}, {{lang|ar|علَيْكَ}}) ({{IPA|lang=ar|/ʕalajka/}}) {{gloss|on you {{gcl|M}}.{{gcl|SG}})}}, {{lang|ar|علَيْهِ}} ({{IPA|lang=ar|/ʕalajhi/}}) {{gloss|on him}}, etc.

===Other languages===
Some [[Iranic languages]], including [[Persian language|Persian]], have developed inflected prepositions. For example, Persian {{Transliteration|fa|az u}} {{gloss|from him/her}} becomes {{Transliteration|fa|azaš}}; {{Transliteration|fa|bā šomā}} {{gloss|with you {{gcl|PL}}}} becomes {{Transliteration|fa|bāhātun}}.

In [[Iberian Romance languages]] such as [[Spanish language|Spanish]] and [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]], the preposition {{lang|es|con}} or {{lang|pt|com}} {{gloss|with}} has special forms incorporating certain pronouns (depending on the language). For example, in Spanish and [[Asturian language|Asturian]] {{lang|es|conmigo}} means {{gloss|with me}}. Historically, this developed from the Latin use of {{lang|la|cum}} {{gloss|with}} after a pronoun, as in {{lang|la|mecum}} {{gloss|with me}}.

[[Bororo language|Bororo]], an indigenous language of Brazil, uses postpositions in all contexts: {{lang|bor|tori ji}} {{gloss|about the mountains}}. When these modify a pronoun rather than a full noun, the phrase contracts into an inflected postposition<ref>{{Cite book|title=A Grammar of Bororo|last=Crowell|first=Thomas Harris|publisher=University Microfilms International|year=1979|location=Ann Arbor, MI}}</ref> (and therefore looks like a pronominal prefix, rather than a suffix as in the examples above: {{lang|bor|bagai}} {{gloss|for}}, {{lang|bor|i-wagai}} {{gloss|for me}}).