Editing Akula-class submarine (section)

==Lease to India==

=== Chakra II ===
[[File:INS Chakra.jpg|thumb|right|''Chakra'' in the open sea, flying colours of the Indian Navy]]
Three hundred Indian Navy personnel were trained in Russia for the operation of the Akula II submarine ''Nerpa''. [[India]] has finalised a deal with Russia, in which at the end of the lease of these submarines, it has an option to buy them. The submarine is named [[Russian submarine K-152 Nerpa|INS ''Chakra'']] as was the previous India-leased Soviet Charlie-I SSGN.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://indiatoday.digitaltoday.in/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=10800&issueid=67 |title=India to get Russian nuclear submarine after 17 years |date=3 July 2008 |website=[[India Today]] |access-date=19 December 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081222024636/http://indiatoday.digitaltoday.in/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=10800&issueid=67 |archive-date=22 December 2008 |url-status=dead}}</ref> ''Chakra'' was officially commissioned into the Indian Navy on 4 April 2012.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics/nation/ins-chakra-govt-inducts-8000-ton-russian-origin-akula-ii-class-nerpa-into-navy/articleshow/12526102.cms |title=INS Chakra: Govt inducts Russian-origin Akula II class Nerpa into Navy |newspaper=[[The Economic Times]] |date=2012-04-04 |access-date=2012-10-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120407070809/http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics/nation/ins-chakra-govt-inducts-8000-ton-russian-origin-akula-ii-class-nerpa-into-navy/articleshow/12526102.cms |archive-date=2012-04-07 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/ins-chakra-inducted-into-indian-navy/1/182955.html |title=INS Chakra formally inducted into Indian Navy |website=India Today |date=2012-04-04 |access-date=2012-10-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120919152021/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/ins-chakra-inducted-into-indian-navy/1/182955.html |archive-date=2012-09-19 |url-status=live}}</ref>

Whereas the Russian Navy's Akula-II could be equipped with 28 nuclear-capable cruise missiles with a striking range of {{convert|3000|km|nmi mi|0|abbr=on}}, the Indian version is reportedly armed with the {{convert|300|km|nmi mi|0|abbr=on}}-range [[3M-54 Klub|Club-S]] nuclear-capable missiles.<!-- [Footnote does NOT contain any information included in the previous sentence.] --><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.hindu.com/2006/07/01/stories/2006070118091800.htm |title=Russia may lease nuclear submarine to India |date=1 July 2006 |access-date=1 July 2006 |newspaper=[[The Hindu]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060717105158/http://www.hindu.com/2006/07/01/stories/2006070118091800.htm |archive-date=17 July 2006 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Missiles with ranges greater than {{convert|300|km|nmi mi|0|abbr=on}} cannot be exported due to arms control restrictions, since Russia is a signatory to the [[Missile Technology Control Regime|MTCR treaty]].

In June 2021, ''Nerpa'' was reported in Singapore with Indian crew aboard and on its way back to Russia, despite one year remaining of the 10-year lease, commenced in April 2012. The stated reason was problems with maintenance of the nuclear reactors. Accordingly, the lease will not be prolonged after 2022, as was initially expected.<ref name="tass.ru" />

=== Chakra III ===
Russia said in December 2014 that it is ready to lease India more nuclear-powered submarines a day after [[President of Russia|President]] [[Vladimir Putin]] and [[Prime Minister of India|Prime Minister]] [[Narendra Modi]] pledged to deepen defence ties.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2014-12-12/putin-ready-to-lease-nuclear-submarines-to-india-minister-says.html |title=Putin ready to lease nuclear submarines to India, minister says |website=Bloomberg |date=12 December 2014 |access-date=14 December 2014 |first1=Natalie Obiko |last1=Pearson |first2=Anurag |last2=Kotoky |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141214165337/http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2014-12-12/putin-ready-to-lease-nuclear-submarines-to-india-minister-says.html |archive-date=14 December 2014 |url-status=live}}</ref>

In January 2015, it was reported that India was involved in negotiations involving the leasing of the ''Kashalot'' and the ''Iribis''.<ref name="vpk">{{cite web |url=http://vpk.name/news/124992_Indiya_vozmet_u_Rossii_v_arendu_atomnuyu_podlodku_Kashalot.html |title=Индия возьмет у России в аренду атомную подлодку "Кашалот" |trans-title=India to lease nuclear submarine "Kashalot" from Russia |language=ru |date=20 January 2015 |website=Novosti VPK |access-date=22 January 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150122111647/http://vpk.name/news/124992_Indiya_vozmet_u_Rossii_v_arendu_atomnuyu_podlodku_Kashalot.html |archive-date=22 January 2015 |url-status=live}}</ref>

On 7 March 2019, India and Russia signed a $3&nbsp;billion deal for lease of another ''Akula''-class nuclear-powered attack submarine. The submarine, dubbed as ''Chakra III'', should be delivered to the Indian Navy by 2025.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Gady |first1=Franz-Stefan |title=India, Russia To Sign $3 Billion Nuclear Sub Deal This Week |url=https://thediplomat.com/2019/03/india-russia-to-sign-3-billion-nuclear-sub-deal-this-week/ |website=The Diplomat |access-date=6 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190305145949/https://thediplomat.com/2019/03/india-russia-to-sign-3-billion-nuclear-sub-deal-this-week/ |archive-date=5 March 2019 |date=5 March 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Pubby |first1=Manu |title=India, Russia to ink $3 billion nuclear submarine deal this week |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/india-russia-to-ink-3-billion-nuclear-submarine-deal-this-week/articleshow/68248638.cms |website=The Economic Times |access-date=6 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190304231035/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/india-russia-to-ink-3-billion-nuclear-submarine-deal-this-week/articleshow/68248638.cms |archive-date=4 March 2019 |location=New Delhi |date=4 March 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref>

As of November 2024, the deal was delayed until at least 2028 according to multiple sources.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-10-24 |title=India launches its latest nuclear submarine with 75% indigenous tech: Here's what the new S4 means for regional security |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/indias-launches-its-latest-nuclear-submarine-with-75-indigenous-tech-heres-what-the-new-s4-means-for-regional-security/articleshow/114547188.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2024-11-11 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-11-11 |title=Russia to deliver first of two missile frigates by month-end |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/russia-to-deliver-first-of-two-missile-frigates-by-month-end/articleshow/115152914.cms#amp_tf=From%20%251$s&aoh=17313347570304&csi=0&referrer=https://www.google.com&ampshare=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/russia-to-deliver-first-of-two-missile-frigates-by-month-end/articleshow/115152914.cms |access-date=2024-11-11 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>