Editing Anti-Comintern Pact (section)

==== Domestic power struggles about Japanese foreign policy ====
{{See also|Interservice rivalry#Japan}}The Japanese imperial state's system was dubbed "a cone without vertex" by Japanese historian [[Ken Ishida]]. The [[Imperial Japanese Army]] (IJA), [[Imperial Japanese Navy]] (IJN) and the Japanese foreign ministry each had its own agenda with regards as to how Japan should orient its foreign policy. The Japanese system, highly traditional and based around the spiritual and socio-cultural value of [[Emperor Hirohito]], also involved the imperial court, which served as a buffer between these three rival groups and the Emperor at the top, which allowed Hirohito to escape direct political responsibilities for any failures and setbacks that the system might produce.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ishida |first=Ken |title=Japan, Italy and the Road to the Tripartite Alliance |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |year=2018 |isbn=9783319962238 |lccn=2018948205}}</ref>{{Rp|6–8}}