Editing Anti-predator adaptation (section)

=== Distraction ===

[[File:Charadrius vociferus tx1.jpg |thumb |A [[killdeer]] plover, [[distraction display|distracting a predator]] from its nest by feigning a broken wing]]
{{main |phagomimicry |distraction display}}

Marine [[mollusc]]s such as [[sea hare]]s, [[cuttlefish]], [[squid]] and [[octopus]]es give themselves a last chance to escape by distracting their attackers. To do this, they eject a mixture of chemicals, which may [[phagomimicry|mimic food]] or otherwise confuse predators.<ref name="Mason 2005">{{cite web|author=Inman, Mason|date=29 March 2005|title=Sea Hares Lose Their Lunch|url=https://www.science.org/news/2005/03/sea-hares-lose-their-lunch|url-status=live|access-date=10 May 2015|website=Sciencemag.org|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210924162520/https://www.science.org/news/2005/03/sea-hares-lose-their-lunch |archive-date=2021-09-24 }}</ref><ref name=Derby>{{cite journal |last1=Derby |first1=Charles D. |title=Escape by Inking and Secreting: Marine Molluscs Avoid Predators Through a Rich Array of Chemicals and Mechanisms |journal=The Biological Bulletin |date=December 2007 |volume=213 |issue=3 |pages=274–289 |doi=10.2307/25066645 |pmid=18083967 |jstor=25066645 |s2cid=9539618 }}</ref> In response to a predator, animals in these groups release [[cephalopod ink|ink]], creating a cloud, and [[Phagomimicry#Ink chemical composition|opaline]], affecting the predator's feeding senses, causing it to attack the cloud.<ref name="Mason 2005"/><ref name="Derby, Kicklighter et al (2007)">{{cite journal |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091115142409/http://www2.gsu.edu/~biocdd/Publications/Reprints/2007/Derby%20et%20al%20joun%20chem%20eco%202007.pdf |archive-date=15 November 2009 |url=https://www2.gsu.edu/~biocdd/Publications/Reprints/2007/Derby%20et%20al%20joun%20chem%20eco%202007.pdf |title=Chemical Composition of Inks of Diverse Marine Molluscs Suggests Convergent Chemical Defenses |author=Derby, Charles D. |author2=Kicklighter, Cynthia E. |author3=Johnson, P. M. |author4=Xu Zhang |name-list-style=amp |date=29 March 2007 |journal=Journal of Chemical Ecology |volume=2007 |issue=33 |pages=1105–1113 |access-date=9 May 2015 |doi=10.1007/s10886-007-9279-0 |pmid=17393278 |bibcode=2007JCEco..33.1105D |s2cid=92064 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

[[Distraction display]]s attract the attention of predators away from an object, typically the nest or young, that is being protected,<ref>{{cite book |author=Barrows, Edward M. |date=2001 |title=Animal behavior |url=https://archive.org/details/animalbehaviorde00barr_955 |url-access=limited |publisher=CRC Press |edition=2nd |page=[https://archive.org/details/animalbehaviorde00barr_955/page/n189 177] |isbn=978-0-8493-2005-7}}</ref> as when some birds feign a broken wing while hopping about on the ground.{{sfn |Ruxton |Sherratt |Speed |2004 |page=198}}