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Apollo Lunar Module
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===Ascent stage=== [[File:Ap17-ascent.ogv|thumb|Lunar ascent by Apollo 17 ascent stage]] The ascent stage contained the crew cabin with instrument panels and flight controls. It contained its own [[ascent propulsion system]] (APS) engine and two [[hypergolic propellant]] tanks for return to lunar orbit and rendezvous with the [[Apollo command and service module]]. It also contained a reaction control system (RCS) for [[Spacecraft attitude control|attitude]] and [[translation (geometry)|translation]] control, which consisted of sixteen hypergolic thrusters similar to those used on the Service Module, mounted in four quads, with their own propellant supply. A forward extravehicular activity hatch provided access to and from the lunar surface, while an overhead hatch and docking port provided access to and from the Command Module. Internal equipment included an environmental control (life support) system; a [[very high frequency]] (VHF) communications system with two antennas for communication with the Command Module; a [[unified S-band]] system and steerable [[parabolic antenna|parabolic dish antenna]] for communication with Earth; an extravehicular activity antenna resembling a miniature parasol which relayed communications from antennas on the astronauts' [[Primary life support system|Portable Life Support System]]s through the LM; [[Apollo PGNCS|primary (PGNCS)]] and [[Apollo Abort Guidance System|backup (AGS)]] guidance and navigation systems; an [[Apollo PGNCS#Optical unit|Alignment Optical Telescope]] for visually determining the spacecraft orientation; rendezvous radar with its own steerable dish antenna; and a system for active thermal control. Electrical storage batteries, cooling water, and breathing oxygen were stored in amounts sufficient for a lunar surface stay of 48 hours initially, extended to 75 hours for the later missions. During rest periods, while parked on the Moon, the crew would sleep on hammocks slung across the cabin.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Shira Teitel |first=Amy |date=May 18, 2019 |title=Astronauts Didn't Sleep So Well on the Moon |url=https://www.discovermagazine.com/the-sciences/astronauts-didnt-sleep-so-well-on-the-moon |access-date=2024-12-18 |website=Discover Magazine |language=en}}</ref> The return payload included the lunar rock and soil samples collected by the crew (as much as {{convert|238|lb|kg}} on Apollo 17), plus their exposed [[photographic film]]. * Crew: 2 * Crew cabin volume: {{convert|235|cuft|m3|abbr=on}} * Habitable volume: {{convert|160|cuft|m3|abbr=on}} * Crew compartment height: {{convert|7|ft|8|in|m|abbr=on}} * Crew compartment depth: {{convert|3|ft|6|in|m|abbr=on}} * Height: {{convert|9|ft|3.5|in|m|abbr=on}} * Width: {{convert|14|ft|1|in|m|abbr=on}} * Depth: {{convert|13|ft|3|in|m|abbr=on}} * Mass, dry: {{convert|4740|lb|kg|abbr=on}} * Mass, gross: {{convert|10300|lb|kg|abbr=on}} * Atmosphere: 100% oxygen at {{convert|4.8|psi|kPa|abbr=on}} * Water: two {{convert|42.5|lb|kg|adj=on|abbr=on}} storage tanks * Coolant: {{convert|25|lb|kg}} of [[ethylene glycol]] / water solution * Thermal Control: one active water-ice [[Sublimatory|sublimator]] * RCS propellant mass: {{convert|633|lb|kg|abbr=on}} * RCS thrusters: Sixteen Γ {{convert|100|lbf|N|abbr=on}} in four quads * RCS propellants: [[Aerozine 50]] fuel / [[Dinitrogen tetroxide]] (N<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>) oxidizer * RCS [[specific impulse]]: {{cvt|290|isp}} * APS propellant mass: {{convert|5,187|lb|kg|abbr=on}} stored in two {{convert|36|ft3|m3|adj=on|sigfig=3}} propellant tanks * APS engine: [[Bell Aircraft|Bell Aerospace]] [[Ascent Propulsion System|LM Ascent Engine]] (LMAE) and [[Pratt & Whitney Rocketdyne|Rocketdyne]] LMAE Injectors * APS thrust: {{convert|3,500|lbf|N|abbr=on}} * APS propellants: Aerozine 50 fuel / Dinitrogen Tetroxide oxidizer * APS pressurant: Two {{convert|6.4|lb|kg|adj=on|abbr=on}} helium tanks at {{convert|3000|psi|MPa}} * APS [[specific impulse]]: {{cvt|311|isp}} * APS [[Delta-v|delta-V]]: {{convert|7,280|ft/s|m/s|abbr=on}} * [[Thrust-to-weight ratio]] at liftoff: 2.124 (in lunar gravity) * Batteries: Two 28β32 volt, 296 [[ampere hour]] [[Silver-zinc batteries]]; {{convert|125|lb|kg|abbr=on}} each * Power: 28 V DC, 115 V 400 Hz AC
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