Editing Artificial general intelligence (section)

===Modern artificial general intelligence research===
The term "artificial general intelligence" was used as early as 1997, by Mark Gubrud<ref>{{Harvnb|Gubrud|1997}}</ref> in a discussion of the implications of fully automated military production and operations. A mathematical formalism of AGI was proposed by [[Marcus Hutter]] in 2000. Named [[AIXI]], the proposed AGI agent maximises "the ability to satisfy goals in a wide range of environments".<ref name=":14">{{Cite book |last=Hutter |first=Marcus |url=https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/b138233 |title=Universal Artificial Intelligence: Sequential Decisions Based on Algorithmic Probability |date=2005 |publisher=Springer |isbn=978-3-5402-6877-2 |series=Texts in Theoretical Computer Science an EATCS Series |doi=10.1007/b138233 |access-date=19 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220719052038/https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/b138233 |archive-date=19 July 2022 |url-status=live |s2cid=33352850}}</ref> This type of AGI, characterized by the ability to maximise a mathematical definition of intelligence rather than exhibit human-like behaviour,<ref>{{Cite thesis |last=Legg |first=Shane |title=Machine Super Intelligence |date=2008 |access-date=19 July 2022 |publisher=University of Lugano |url=http://www.vetta.org/documents/Machine_Super_Intelligence.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220615160113/https://www.vetta.org/documents/Machine_Super_Intelligence.pdf |archive-date=15 June 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref> was also called universal artificial intelligence.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Goertzel |first=Ben |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/271390398 |title=Artificial General Intelligence |date=2014 |publisher=Journal of Artificial General Intelligence |isbn=978-3-3190-9273-7 |series=Lecture Notes in Computer Science |volume=8598 |doi=10.1007/978-3-319-09274-4 |s2cid=8387410}}</ref>

The term AGI was re-introduced and popularized by [[Shane Legg]] and [[Ben Goertzel]] around 2002.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Who coined the term "AGI"? |url=http://goertzel.org/who-coined-the-term-agi/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181228083048/http://goertzel.org/who-coined-the-term-agi/ |archive-date=28 December 2018 |access-date=28 December 2018 |website=goertzel.org |language=en-US}}, via [[Life 3.0]]: 'The term "AGI" was popularized by... Shane Legg, Mark Gubrud and Ben Goertzel'</ref> AGI research activity in 2006 was described by Pei Wang and Ben Goertzel<ref>{{Harvnb|Wang|Goertzel|2007}}</ref> as "producing publications and preliminary results". The first summer school in AGI was organized in Xiamen, China in 2009<ref>{{Cite web |title=First International Summer School in Artificial General Intelligence, Main summer school: June 22 – July 3, 2009, OpenCog Lab: July 6-9, 2009 |url=https://goertzel.org/AGI_Summer_School_2009.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200928173146/https://www.goertzel.org/AGI_Summer_School_2009.htm |archive-date=28 September 2020 |access-date=11 May 2020}}</ref> by the Xiamen university's Artificial Brain Laboratory and OpenCog. The first university course was given in 2010<ref>{{Cite web |title=Избираеми дисциплини 2009/2010 – пролетен триместър |trans-title=Elective courses 2009/2010 – spring trimester |url=http://fmi-plovdiv.org/index.jsp?id=1054&ln=1 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200726103659/http://fmi-plovdiv.org/index.jsp?id=1054&ln=1 |archive-date=26 July 2020 |access-date=11 May 2020 |website=Факултет по математика и информатика [Faculty of Mathematics and Informatics] |language=bg}}</ref> and 2011<ref>{{Cite web |title=Избираеми дисциплини 2010/2011 – зимен триместър |trans-title=Elective courses 2010/2011 – winter trimester |url=http://fmi.uni-plovdiv.bg/index.jsp?id=1139&ln=1 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200726094625/http://fmi.uni-plovdiv.bg/index.jsp?id=1139&ln=1 |archive-date=26 July 2020 |access-date=11 May 2020 |website=Факултет по математика и информатика [Faculty of Mathematics and Informatics] |language=bg}}</ref> at Plovdiv University, Bulgaria by Todor Arnaudov. MIT presented a course on AGI in 2018, organized by [[Lex Fridman]] and featuring a number of guest lecturers.

{{As of|2023}}, a small number of computer scientists are active in AGI research, and many contribute to a series of AGI conferences. However, increasingly more researchers are interested in open-ended learning,<ref name=":10">{{Cite journal |last1=Shevlin |first1=Henry |last2=Vold |first2=Karina |last3=Crosby |first3=Matthew |last4=Halina |first4=Marta |date=2019-10-04 |title=The limits of machine intelligence: Despite progress in machine intelligence, artificial general intelligence is still a major challenge |journal=EMBO Reports |language=en |volume=20 |issue=10 |pages=e49177 |doi=10.15252/embr.201949177 |issn=1469-221X |pmc=6776890 |pmid=31531926}}</ref><ref name=":2" /> which is the idea of allowing AI to continuously learn and innovate like humans do.