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Assisted reproductive technology
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=== United States === Many Americans do not have [[health insurance|insurance]] coverage for fertility investigations and treatments. Many states are starting to mandate coverage, and the rate of use is 278% higher in states with complete coverage.<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Jain T, Harlow BL, Hornstein MD |title=Insurance coverage and outcomes of ''in vitro'' fertilization |journal=N. Engl. J. Med. |volume=347 |issue=9 |pages=661β6 |date=August 2002 |pmid=12200554 |doi=10.1056/NEJMsa013491|doi-access=free }}</ref> There are some health insurance companies that cover diagnosis of infertility, but frequently once diagnosed will not cover any treatment costs.{{citation needed|date=February 2022}} Approximate treatment/diagnosis costs in the United States, with inflation, as of {{Inflation/year|index=US}} (US$): * Initial workup: [[hysteroscopy]], [[hysterosalpingogram]], [[blood test]]s ~${{Inflation|index=US|value=2000|start_year=2005|r=-2|fmt=c}}{{Citation needed|date=September 2024}} * Sonohysterogram (SHG) ~ ${{Inflation|index=US|value=600|start_year=2005|r=-1|fmt=c}}β${{Inflation|index=US|value=1000|start_year=2005|r=-2|fmt=c}}{{Citation needed|date=September 2024}} * Clomiphene citrate cycle ~ ${{Inflation|index=US|value=200|start_year=2005|r=-1|fmt=c}}β${{Inflation|index=US|value=500|start_year=2005|r=-1|fmt=c}}{{Citation needed|date=September 2024}} * IVF cycle ~ ${{Inflation|index=US|value=10000|start_year=2005|r=-2|fmt=c}}β${{Inflation|index=US|value=30000|start_year=2005|r=-2|fmt=c}}{{Citation needed|date=September 2024}} * Use of a [[surrogate mother]] to carry the child β dependent on arrangements Another way to look at costs is to determine the expected cost of establishing a pregnancy. Thus, if a clomiphene treatment has a chance to establish a pregnancy in 8% of cycles and costs ${{Inflation|index=US|value=500|start_year=2005|r=-1|fmt=c}}, the expected cost is ${{Inflation|index=US|value=6000|start_year=2005|r=-2|fmt=c}} to establish a pregnancy, compared to an IVF cycle (cycle fecundity 40%) with a corresponding expected cost of ${{Inflation|index=US|value=30000|start_year=2005|r=-2|fmt=c}} (${{Inflation|index=US|value=12000|start_year=2005|r=-2|fmt=c}} Γ 40%).{{Citation needed|date=September 2024}} For the community as a whole, the cost of IVF on average pays back by 700% by tax from future employment by the conceived human being.<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Connolly MP, Pollard MS, Hoorens S, Kaplan BR, Oskowitz SP, Silber SJ |title=Long-term economic benefits attributed to IVF-conceived children: a lifetime tax calculation |journal=Am J Manag Care |volume=14 |issue=9 |pages=598β604 |date=September 2008 |pmid=18778175 |url=http://www.ajmc.com/pubMed.php?pii=10709}}</ref>
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