Editing Australian zebra finch (section)

===Temperature regulation===
The body temperature (as measured from the {{birdgloss|cloaca}}) of the zebra finch may vary from {{convert|38|to|44|C|F}}, rising with increasing air temperatures. Body temperatures over {{convert|45|C|F}} can cause death within an hour. This finch first cools itself by covering its plumage with water, not moving, and holding its wings out to allow more thinly feathered regions to be exposed.<ref name="Zann69–71">{{harvnb|Zann|1996|pp=69–71}}</ref> It also has a large capacity for evaporative cooling through the lungs and skin, with measurements of heat lost through evaporative cooling over heat produced being as high as 1.37 at {{convert|43.4|C|F}}.<ref name="CalderKing1963">{{cite journal|last1=Calder|first1=W. A.|last2=King|first2=J. R.|title=Evaporative cooling in the zebra finch|journal=Experientia|volume=19|issue=11|year=1963|pages=603–604|issn=0014-4754|doi=10.1007/BF02151016|pmid=14101529|s2cid=22114512}}</ref> This can occur as a result of panting, which starts to occur when body temperatures reach {{convert|42|to|43|C|F}} (although this may start when the air temperature is as low as {{convert|32|C|F}}). This can cause dehydration and may put birds into a lethargic state.<ref name="Zann69–71"/> Additionally, the zebra finch's simple ''[[rete mirabile|rete mirabile ophthalmicum]]'' (found in the head) makes it unable to cool the brain as effectively as other birds, like the [[common kestrel]]. This lacking ability to cool the brain, in combination with dehydration, may cause the mass die-offs found during prolonged periods of high temperatures.<ref name="BechMidtgård1981">{{cite journal|last1=Bech|first1=Claus|last2=Midtgård|first2=Uffe|title=Brain temperature and the ''rete mirabile ophthalmicum'' in the zebra finch (''Poephila guttata'')|journal=Journal of Comparative Physiology|volume=145|issue=1|year=1981|pages=89–93|issn=0174-1578|doi=10.1007/BF00782598|s2cid=34672423}}</ref> For example, in January 1932, temperatures were between {{convert|47|and|52|C|F}} for 16 days in northern [[Southern Australia]], causing upwards of tens of thousands of this bird to die, with many being found in dams.<ref name="Zann69–71"/> However, so long as drinking water is available, the bird is able to tolerate heat waves on top of the usual high summer temperatures. Tolerance is also achieved through behaviour. In extreme conditions the finch will reduce its activity in the hotter parts of the day, and it is capable of predicting hotter events and will pre-emptively eat and drink in preparation for the hours of enforced inactivity.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Cooper  |first1=Christine Elizabeth |last2=Withers |first2=Philip Carew |last3= Hurley|first3=Laura Leilani|last4=Griffith |first4=Simon Charles|date=20 November 2019 |title=The Field Metabolic Rate, Water Turnover, and Feeding and Drinking Behavior of a Small Avian Desert Granivore During a Summer Heatwave |journal=Frontiers in Physiology |volume=10 |page=1405 |doi=10.3389/fphys.2019.01405 |pmid=31824330 |pmc=6879461 |doi-access=free }}</ref>