Editing Balinese script (section)

== Diacritics ==

Diacritics ({{langx|ban|ᬧᬗ᭢‌ᬗ᭄ᬕpangangge}} ({{lang|ban|ᬧᬗ᭢‌ᬗ᭄ᬕ}}) are symbols that cannot stand by themselves. When they are attached to the independent letters, they affect the pronunciation. The three types of diacritics are {{lang|ban|pangangge suara}}, {{lang|ban|pangangge tengenan}}, and {{lang|ban|pangangge aksara}}.

=== Vowel diacritics ===
Vowel diacritics ({{langx|ban|ᬧᬗ᭢‌ᬗ᭄ᬕᬲ᭄ᬯᬭ|pangangge suara}}) change the inherent vowel of a consonant letter. For example, the letter {{angbr|{{Script|Bali|ᬦ}}, na}} plus {{angbr|{{Script|Bali|◌ᬶ}}, ulu}} becomes {{angbr|{{Script|Bali||ᬦᬶ}}, ni}}.

{| class="wikitable letters-pink letters-hi"
|+ Vowel diacritics and examples with {{angbr|{{Script|Bali|ᬓ}}}}.
|-
|{{letter|l=ban|s=Bali|ch=◌ᭂ|iso=e, ê, ě|ipa=[[Mid central vowel|[ə]]]|top=pepet|note=
{{noteTag|name=e|group=voweldiacritics|In the romanization of Balinese, developed during Dutch Colonial Era, the ''e'' represents {{IPA|[ə]}} and  ''é'' represents the sounds {{IPA|[e]}} and {{IPA|[ɛ]}} as they do in the Van Ophuijsen Indonesian. Since 1957, the sounds {{IPA|[ə]}}, {{IPA|[e]}} and {{IPA|[ɛ]}} have all been represented by''e'', as in the modern [[Malay alphabet]], except dictionaries and materials for new learners.<ref name="Pedoman Perubahan Ejaan">{{cite book|last1=Tinggen|first1=I Nengah|title=Pedoman Perubahan Ejaan Bahasa Bali dengan Huruf Latin dan Huruf Bali|date=1994|publisher=Rikha|location=Singaraja}}</ref><ref name="Pedoman Pasang Aksara Bali" />}}}}
| {{letter|l=ban|s=Bali|iso=ā|ipa=[[open central unrounded vowel|[ɑː]]]|ch=◌ᬵ|top=tedung}}
| {{letter|l=ban|s=Bali|iso=i|ipa=[[close front unrounded vowel|[i]]]|ch=◌ᬶ|top=ulu}}
| {{letter|l=ban|s=Bali|iso=ī|ipa=[[close front unrounded vowel|[iː]]]|ch=◌ᬷ|top=ulu sari}}
| {{letter|l=ban|s=Bali|iso=u|ipa=[[close back rounded vowel|[u]]]|ch=◌ᬸ|top=suku}}
| {{letter|l=ban|s=Bali|iso=ū|ipa=[[close back rounded vowel|[uː]]]|ch=◌ᬹ|top=suku ilut}}
| {{letter|l=ban|s=Bali|iso=e, é|ipa=[[close-mid front unrounded vowel|[e]]]<br>[[open-mid front unrounded vowel|[ɛ]]]|ch=◌ᬾ|note=
{{noteTag|name=e|group=voweldiacritics}}|top=taling}}
| {{letter|l=ban|s=Bali|iso=ai|ipa=[aːi]|ch=◌ᬿ|top=taling detya}}
| {{letter|l=ban|s=Bali|iso=o|ipa=[[close-mid back rounded vowel|[o]]], [[open-mid back rounded vowel|[ɔ]]]|ch=◌ᭀ|top=taling tedung}}
| {{letter|l=ban|s=Bali|iso=au|ipa=[aːu]|ch=◌ᭁ|top=taling detya matedun}}
|-
|{{letter|l=ban|s=Bali|ipa=|ch=ᬓᭂ|iso=ke, kê, kě}}
| {{letter|l=ban|s=Bali|iso=kā|ch=ᬓᬵ}}
| {{letter|l=ban|s=Bali|iso=ki|ch=ᬓᬶ}}
| {{letter|l=ban|s=Bali|iso=kī|ch=ᬓᬷ}}
| {{letter|l=ban|s=Bali|iso=ku|ch=ᬓᬸ}}
| {{letter|l=ban|s=Bali|iso=kū|ch=ᬓᬹ}}
| {{letter|l=ban|s=Bali|iso=ke, ké|ch=ᬓᬾ}}
| {{letter|l=ban|s=Bali|iso=kai|ch=ᬓᬿ}}
| {{letter|l=ban|s=Bali|iso=ko|ch=ᬓᭀ}}
| {{letter|l=ban|s=Bali|iso=kau|ch=ᬓᭁ}}
|}
{{noteFoot|group=voweldiacritics}}

=== {{lang|ban|Pangangge tengenan}} ===
{{lang|ban|Pangangge tengenan}} ({{lang|ban|ᬧᬗ᭢‌ᬗ᭄ᬕᬢᭂᬗᭂᬦᬦ᭄}}), except {{lang|ban|adeg-adeg}}, adds a final consonant to a syllable. It can be used together with {{lang|ban|pangangge suara}}. For example, the letter {{lang|ban|ᬦ}} ({{lang|ban|na}}) with {{lang|ban|bisah}} ({{lang|ban|◌ᬄ}}) becomes {{lang|ban|ᬦᬄ}} ({{lang|ban|nah}}); {{lang|ban|ᬓ}} ({{lang|ban|ka}}) with {{lang|ban|suku}} ({{lang|ban|◌ᬸ}}) and {{lang|ban|surang}} ({{lang|ban|◌ᬃ}}) becomes {{lang|ban|ᬓᬸᬃ}} ({{lang|ban|kur}}). Compared to [[Devanagari]], {{lang|ban|bisah}} is analogous to [[visarga]], {{lang|ban|cecek}} to [[anusvara]], and {{lang|ban|adeg-adeg}} to [[virama]].

{{lang|ban|Adeg-adeg}} is [[virama|zero vowel diacritics]] as in other [[Brahmic scripts]] in Balinese script. {{lang|ban|Adeg-adeg}}, as [[virama]] in [[Devanagari]], suppress the [[inherent vowel]] {{IPA|/a/}} in the consonant letter. {{lang|ban|Adeg-adeg}} is used on impossibility of gantungan and gempelan usage such as succeeded by punctuation marks, attachment of two or more gantungan to one letter ({{lang|ban|tumpuk telu}}, lit. three layers), preservation of combination ({{lang|ban|watek ksatriya}}, {{lang|ban|ᬯᬢᭂᬓ᭄‌ᬓ᭄ᬱᬢ᭄ᬭᬶᬬ}} rather than {{lang|ban|ᬯᬢᭂᬓ᭄ᬓ᭄ᬱᬢ᭄ᬭᬶᬬ}}) and disambiguation.<ref name="Pedoman Perubahan Ejaan" />

{| class="wikitable" style="margin:auto;"
|-
|  style="text-align:center; background:#ccf;" colspan="5"|'''{{lang|ban|Pangangge tengenan}}'''<br>{{lang|ban|ᬧᬗ᭢‌ᬗ᭄ᬕᬢᭂᬗᭂᬦᬦ᭄}}
|-
! colspan="2" style="text-align:center"| Balinese script
! align=center| [[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]]
! align=center| Translit.
! align=center| Name
|-
| align=center| [[File:Pangangge Bisah.png|center|50px|link=]]
| align=center| {{lang|ban|◌ᬄ}}
| align=center| [[voiceless glottal fricative|[h]]]
| align=center| h
| align=center| {{lang|ban|Bisah}}
|-
| align=center| [[File:Bali Surang.png|center|50px|link=]]
| align=center| {{lang|ban|◌ᬃ}}
| align=center| [[voiced alveolar trill|[r]]]
| align=center| r
| align=center| {{lang|ban|Surang}}
|-
| align=center| [[File:Pangangge Cecek.png|center|50px|link=]]
| align=center| {{lang|ban|◌ᬂ}}
| align=center| [[Velar nasal|[ŋ]]]
| align=center| ng
| align=center| {{lang|ban|Cecek}}
|-
| align=center| [[File:Pangangge Adeg-adeg.png|center|50px|link=]]
| align=center| {{lang|ban|◌᭄}}
| align=center| [[Zero (linguistics)|[∅]]]
| align=center| 
| align=center| {{lang|ban|Adeg-adeg}}
|}

{{clear left}}

=== {{lang|ban|Pangangge aksara}} ===
{{lang|ban|Pangangge aksara}} ({{lang|ban|ᬧᬗ᭢‌ᬗ᭄ᬕᬅᬓ᭄ᬱᬭ}}) is appended below consonant letters. {{lang|ban|Pangangge aksara}} are the appended ({{lang|ban|gantungan}}) forms of the {{lang|ban|ardhasuara}} (semivowel) consonants. {{lang|ban|Guwung macelek}} is the appended form of the vowel {{lang|ban|ra repa}} ({{lang|ban|ᬋ}}).

{| class="wikitable" style="margin:auto;"
|-
|  style="text-align:center; background:#ccf;" colspan="5"|'''{{lang|ban|Pangangge aksara}}'''<br>{{lang|ban|ᬧᬗ᭢‌ᬗ᭄ᬕᬅᬓ᭄ᬱᬭ}}
|-
! colspan="2" style="text-align:center"| Balinese script
! align=center| [[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]]
! align=center| Translit.
! align=center| Name
|-
| align=center| [[File:Pangangge_Cakra.png|center|50px|link=]]
| align=center| {{lang|ban|◌᭄ᬭ}}
| align=center| [[voiced alveolar trill|[ra]]]
| align=center| ra
| align=center| {{lang|ban|Cakra<br>Guwung}}
|-
| align=center| [[File:Pangangge_Guwung_macelek.png|center|50px|link=]]
| align=center| {{lang|ban|◌ᬺ}}
| align=center| [rə]
| align=center| rě
| align=center| {{lang|ban|Guwung macelek}}
|-
| align=center| [[File:Pangangge_Suku_kembung.png|center|50px|link=]]
| align=center| {{lang|ban|◌᭄ᬯ}}
| align=center| [[voiced labio-velar approximant|[ʋa]]]
| align=center| ua
| align=center| {{lang|ban|Suku kembung}}
|-
| align=center|[[File:Pangangge Nania.png|center|50px|link=]]
| align=center| {{lang|ban|◌᭄ᬬ}}
| align=center| [[voiced palatal approximant|[ja]]]
| align=center| ia
| align=center| {{lang|ban|Nania}}
|}